pashtun tribes and their origin

[کیش]

Are sub-tribes the names of villages.

Like Ghilzai-Kharoti- Khadar Khel

Theirs a village of Khadar Khel in Paktika, where my grandparents came from, and S. Waziristan.

.

[Nick]

Are sub-tribes the names of villages.

Like Ghilzai-Kharoti- Khadar Khel

Theirs a village of Khadar Khel in Paktika, where my grandparents came from, and S. Waziristan.

.

Its vis-verssa. Sometimes villages are named after a tribe simply because the whole villiage or town maybe Khadar khel that's often the case in southern, eastern and western Afghanistan, Where as northern the less tribalistic areas may adapt the local town. So in this case the Daulat khel is an example.

[gadoonwal]

wardak tribe

Before i start let me make this clear that not everyone in wardak province of afghanistan is wardak or waradagi.There are non wardagi pashtun also in wardak province. Howvere wardagi pashtun are in clear majority in the provinve.Hazaras is another ethnic group in wardak area,,,,,,,,.Now back to wardak tribe,,,,,,

The Wardaks are Karlani Pashtoons by origin. This tribe came into being in the region of Barmal Ghar of the Sulaiman range of mountains and from there the whole group of the Karlanis spread into the regions they inhabit today.
To their west lie the mountains of Hazarajat and to the other direction the Ghilzai tribes. Their area from north to south is like an oasis, surrounded by mountains to east and west. Their dwelling places lies in the Parapamisos mountains that divide Logar from Kharwara and the western range of mountains belong to Hazarajat. The river that flows to the south of their region is wrongly called the Ghazni river and waters a lot of their fields. Their northern territory is watered by the Logar river. The famous villages of this region are: Tangey, Sheikhabad, Saidabad, Shniz, Khwat, Jaghtu, Dai Mirdad and Chak.

Some Wardaks also live in the provinces of Kunar, Herat, Hilmand, Zabul, Ghazni and Baghlan. Those Wardaks that live in Kunar dwell in Loy Goriga, Ganshal and Jandul. The elders of Ganshal say that their original region is that of the Wardaks and they belong to the clan of Mayar. About 170 years earlier a few Wardak came to the region of Dir and some stayed there, while others went to Jandul and Ganshal. From Ganshal some families of the Wardaks went to Dangam 140 years ago. They became the farmers of the Salarzais and after some time they cultivated fallow land, which they later bought. Some Wardaks think that their ancestors fled and came here in the first governmental year of Amir Abdul Rahman Khan. Later they were given land by the Khan of Asmar and they stayed here. They cultivated their own land then. There is less trading by them and they are intermingled with the Salarzais and the Mamonds. All aspects of life, including their accent of language is influenced by those two tribes. Also, this part of Wardaks that live in Herat, have their own region, which is called Wardak area, and belongs to the administrative unit of Angil. Some Wardak live in Helmand province in the districts of Nadali and Nawe Barakzai. Other Wardaks live in the periphery of Rawalpindi in Chach and Natu. The abode of the Wardaks is very green, cultivated and fertile, but the autumn (fall) period is very short. Rice, wheat and barley are the products of it. Wardaks are all busy in agriculture and they are very hard working. Some of them are also cattle breeders. Their villages are very small. The names of their famous clans are the following:

Mamak, Mayar, Mirkhel, Noori, Larrem, Gadai, Malekyarkhel, Khwaremkhel, Adinkhel and Massrikhel. The clan of Mirkhel is the biggest by number and then come the Mayar.
Source: Paschtun Tribes (Pastani qabile)
By Abdul Latif Talebi
Afghanistan Academy of Sciences
International Centre for Pashto Studies
Kabul, 1991

[gadoonwal]

There is another theory wardagis the decndants of Banda Nawaz Hazrat Geso daraz,,syeds,,.
I do,nt agree with this theory.There might some of his decendants in wardak area but not all wardagis are his decendants.


And another one here ,,wiki,,,,
The Wardak Pashtun are a Pashtun tribe mainly found in Wardak Province, Afghanistan. Some leaders of the Wardak Pashtun were notorious for their opposition to the British in 1879-1880. The Wardak tribe is subdivided in the Mayar, Mirkehl (which may be the same as the Amir Khel), and the Nuri.[1] There is some disagreement whether the Wardaks are Karlanri or Ghilzai Pashtun. Most evidence suggests they are Karlanri.
The various Wardak sub-tribes live in each of the province’s districts except for Hesa Awal Behsood and Markazi Behsood. Currently several Wardak Pashtuns hold important posts in the central government, including the Ministry of Defense (General Abdur Rahim Wardak), the Ministry of Information, Culture and Youth (Abdul Karim Khoram), and the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs.

[gadoonwal]

One thing is clear that wardagis are not ,,ghilzais,,and most historains agree on this point.They are ,,karlani,,pashtun.
Wardagis are very patriotic,loyal and hospitable people.

[gadoonwal]

momand

Some people call the SAFI tribe part of Momand but thats not right.Safis are belong to the Gharghasht group while Momands are ,,Sarbanis,,,.

Mohmand (Pashto: مومند - also spelled as Momand) are a clan of Sarban Pashtuns, living primarily in the FATA & Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan & northeastern Afghanistan.[1]Contents


Demographics

In Pakistan, the Mamoond live in the Mohmand Agency and down to the plains of Peshawar, Charsadda, and Mardan. Mohmands are also scattered throughout Pakistan in urban areas including Karachi, Lahore, and Quetta.
In Afghanistan they are mainly found in Nangarhar and Kunar provinces.[1]
History



{{Cquote|Pāṇini the grea Mohmand, a Pashtun tribe who inhabit the hilly area to the north-west of Peshawar vally,in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan and the eastern parts of Nangarhar in Afghanistan. They are one of the strongest tribes on the border after the Afridis and Waziris, and have fought many times againest the British India and other foreign invasion.The area of the Mohmand's may be defined roughly as bounded on the East by Charsadda Dist.On the North by Bajour Agency; on the West by Nangarhar(Afghanistan) and on the South by the Khyber Agency; The area of Mohmand is about 1200 sq. m.The Pak-Afghan boundary line now runs through the Mohmand area.The Emir of Afghanistan in 1893 has given assurances to the Burhan Khel, Dawezai, Halimzai, Isa Khel, Tarakzai and Utmanzai sections of the Mohmands that they will not suffer by the severance of their ancient connection with Afghanistan; and these are known as the Assured Clans.Majority of Mohmand live in Pakistan.Some tribes of Mohmand also live in North Eastern Afghanistan primarily in Nangarhar & Kunar province.

Mohmand's are famous for making Tea.More than 90% "Tea Houses" in Peshawar & other parts of Khyber-Pakhtunkawa(Pakistan) are owned by Mohmand's.Another thing about mohmand is that they are strong willed. Some mohmand have gotten as far as the music industry.

[gadoonwal]

In fact the pesahwar distt today is majority momand tribe,landai,bahadur kala etc are their centers.
The famous pashtun hero who defeated the Mugals Emal khan was Momand.
Aimal Khan Or Emal khan momand along with his afridi friend Darya khan badly defeated the Mugals for five times.Khoshal baba was a great admirer and friend of this great pashtun hero.

Rahman baba
Hamid baba
Mohd Gul khan momand
Abdul Ahad Momand
etc
are some famous people of momand tribe.

[khushal]

Are sub-tribes the names of villages.

Like Ghilzai-Kharoti- Khadar Khel

Theirs a village of Khadar Khel in Paktika, where my grandparents came from, and S. Waziristan.

.

No, sub-tribes are not the names of villages. There are many villages that consist of one sub-tribe. Sub-tribes are huge that number in the hundreds of thousands and sometimes in the millions of people, villages are small that consists of thousands of people. Village(Kalai) are divided into smaller units called Kala-yai. Each Kala-yai consists of many Plareena(families). Plareena could consist of not just the immediate family but also cousins(thre zamon) from the paternal side that could also consist of distant cousins as well. Some plareena have many members that could consist of a hundred male members or more.

This is the reason, that when one afghan is killed by NATO or anyone else. That one afghan has a huge family that is obligated to avenge his death. Pashtunwali code requires this or they will be given Paghor by their Thorbor for generations. If you follow this formula, the more they kill, the stronger the resistance and this is what we are witnessing.

[Toramana]

Sorry, couldn't read the posts here for being too busy in the entertainment (hahaha dam connection ) section...Some inputs:

- Yousafzais are a part of the larger tribal confederacy called Khakhi or Khakhi Khel (Yousafzais, Mohammadzais, Mandanr, Tarklanri, Gigyani, and the allied non-Khakhi tribes Utman Khel and Gaduns) that once lived in Kandahar it is said in Tarnak (probably around 12th or 13th Century). They fought their cousins, the Ghori Khels (Momand, Khalil, Daudzi, Mullagori, etc.) over a land dispute (Khahki had leased some grazing land from Ghori Khels that they refused to return when Ghorikhel wanted it back) and were defeated. Expelled from their native lands, they moved north to Ghazni where they lived for some time and then moved farther north to Kabul, settling and gaining political influence by playing a role in the struggle by Mirza Alagh Baig the descendent of Taimurlane to grab the throne of Kabul (early 15th Century). Later, Mirza Alagh Baig turned against them because he thought they had become too exploitative and killed 600 of their elders allowing the rest to migrate this time to Peshawar Valley. In Peshawar Valley, they requested Dalazaks for some land to settle on and thus were given Do-awa (Doaba) in Charssada.


Later, they requested more land from Dalazaks and were granted Danishkol and some lands in Bajuar. Further encroachment on the lands of Dalazaks and Swatis resulted in a clash between these two groups i.e. Dalazaks-Swatis and Khakhi Khel which ultimately ended in the defeat and expulsion of Dalazaks-Swatis from their lands (this happened over a couple of decades---1480 to 1530). It is said, after gaining full control over Peshawar Valley and Swat, Khakhi Khel gathered under the leadership of Malak Ahmad Baba at Shebaz Garah in the present Mardan district to divide the lands between different Khakhi tribes. The more powerful tribes like Yousafzais, Mohammadzais, Tarklanri, and Mandanr got fertile lands (Swat-Dir, Charssada, Bajuar, and Sawabi respectively) whereas the weaker/lesser tribes e.g. Utmankhel and Gadoon who were not originally Khakhi Khel were given less productive and mountainous regions of Gadun Amazai and Arang Barang.

-Although categorized as Pashtuns by most of historians, the origin of Dalazaks is somewhat disputed with some historians speculating that they may be of Indian origin. The former view sounds to be more plausible because the granting of lands to Khakhi Khel after they arrived from Kabul points to the existence of the notion of tribal kinship and empathy in Dalazaks.

-There has existed a similar controversy about the origin of Swatis who have been considered Tajaks or Indians by a minority of historians. In Tawarikh-i-Hafiz Rahmat Khani (1612), their rulers have been mentioned to be Gabari-speaking whereas common Swatis have been described to be Dari speakers. But then this cannot explain as how over a short period of one and half-century (after their i.e. Swatis fall from power in 16th Century till they conquered Pakhli-Hazara in 17th-18th Century) they started speaking Pashto in their entirety. I don't think a group can lose its native language so quickly not even when completely sumbmerged in another group or completely subdued by the enemy.

-The Burkis also called Ormaris have their distinct language called Bargista still spoken by Burkis of Kaniguram (Waziristan) albeit on decline and increasingly replaced by Pashto now. Moreover, some Burki settlements e.g. Ormar villages in the vicinity of Peshawar now speak Pashto. Same has happened to Burkis of Gardez who have lost their language to the dominent Pashto and Dari. Furthermore, Burki language is classified as West Iranian as opposed to Pashto which has been classified as East Iranian.

I once met Rozi Khan Burki a beaurocrate, Pashto literary figure, and an expert on Burki language working on the preservation of Burki language and found him to be a staunch Pashtun. I saw the same attitude in some other Burkis who were from Bannu area. So for all practical reasons, they are Pashtuns whatever their actual origin may be.

-There is a theory about Karlanris although not so popular that ascribe Burki origin to Karalanris actually i.e. Karlanris were originally Burkis having somehow become Pashtunized.

-There is a sprinkling of small groups and isolated families of original Swatis in Yousafzai area but they don't have a good social status. Most of them as I came to know lived as vassals of the victorious Yousafzais. But it is also possible some Swatis might have enjoyed good status as Gadunwal informs us.

[Michin Khel]

Sorry, couldn't read the posts here for being too busy in the entertainment (hahaha dam connection ) section...Some inputs:

- Yousafzais are a part of the larger tribal confederacy called Khakhi or Khakhi Khel (Yousafzais, Mohammadzais, Mandanr, Tarklanri, Gigyani, and the allied non-Khakhi tribes Utman Khel and Gaduns) that once lived in Kandahar it is said in Tarnak (probably around 12th or 13th Century). They fought their cousins, the Ghori Khels (Momand, Khalil, Daudzi, Mullagori, etc.) over a land dispute (Khahki had leased some grazing land from Ghori Khels that they refused to return when Ghorikhel wanted it back) and were defeated. Expelled, they moved north to Ghazni where they stayed for some time and then moved farther north to Kabul, where they settled and gained some political influence by playing a role in the successful struggle by Mirza Alagh Baig the descendent of Taimurlane to grab the throne of Kabul (14th Century). Later, Mirza Alagh Baig turned against them because he thought they had become too exploitative and killed 600 of their elders allowing the rest to migrate this time towards Peshawar Valley. In Peshawar Valley, they requested Dalazaks for land to settle on and thus were given Do-awa (Doaba) in Charssada.

Later, they requested some more land from Dalazaks and were granted Danishkol and some lands in Bajuar. Further encroachment on the lands of Dalazaks and Swatis resulted in a clash between these two groups and Khakhi Khel which ultimately ended in the defeat and expulsion of Dalazaks-Swatis from their lands (this happened over a couple of decades---1480 to 1530). It is said, after gaining full control over Peshawar Valley and Swat, Khakhi Khel gathered under the leadership of Malak Ahmad Baba at Shebaz Garah to divide the lands between different tribes. The more powerful tribes like Yousafzais, Mohammadzais, Tarklanri, and Mandanr got fertile lands (Swat-Dir, Charssada, Bajuar, and Sawabi respectively) whereas the weaker tribes e.g. Utmankhel and Gadoon who were not originally Khakhi Khel were given less productive and mountainous regions of Gadun Amazai and Arang Barang.

-Although categorized as Pashtun by most of historians, the origin of Dalazaks is somewhat disputed with some speculating that they may rather be of Indian origin. The former view sounds to be more plausible because their granting of lands to Khakhi Khel after they arrived from Kabul points to the existence of the notion of tribal kinship in them.

-There has existed a similar controversy about the origin of Swatis who have sometimes been considered Tajaks and sometimes Indians. In Tawarikh-i-Hafiz Rahmat Khani, their rulers have been described to be Gabari-speaking whereas common masses Dari speakers. But then this cannot explain it that how over a short period of one and half-century (after their i.e. Swatis fall from power in 16th Century till they conquered Pakhli-Hazara in 17th-18th Century) they started speaking Pashto in their entirety. I don't think a group can lose its native language so quickly not even when completely sumbmerged in another group.

-The Burkis also called Ormar have their distinct language called Bargista still spoken by Burkis of Kaniguram (Waziristan) albeit on decline and increasingly replaced by Pashto now. Moreover, some Burki settlements e.g. Ormar villages in the vicinity of Peshawar now speak Pashto. Same has happened to Burkis of Gardez who have lost their language to the dominent Pashto and Dari. Furthermore, Burki language is classified as West Iranian as opposed to Pashto which has been classified as East Iranian.

I once met Rozi Khan Burki a beaurocrate, Pashto literary figure, and an expert on Burki language working on the its preservation and found him to be a staunch Pashtun. I saw the same attitude in some other Burkis who were from Bannu area. So for all practical reasons, they are Pashtuns whatever their actual origin may be.

-There is a theory about Karlanr although not so popular that says, Karalanris actually are derived from Burkis i.e. Karlanris are Burkis having become Pashtunized.

-There is a sprinkling of small groups and isolated families of original Swatis in Yousafzai area but they don't have a good social status. Most of them as I came to know lived as vassals of the victorious Yousafzais. But it is also possible some Swatis might have enjoyed good status as Gadunwal informs us.

Very useful post, manana.

[Toramana]

Another point about the Khakhi khel is the feud/enmity between its Yousafzais and Gigyani subsections at the time of Yousafzais conflict with Alagh Baig and the massacre of Yousafzais elders at the hands of Alagh Baig in which Gigyanis are said to have a hand. It seems either Alagh Baig fanned the tribal jealoucies between the two as a divide-and-rule policy or the rivalry and competition characterizing Pashtun social-tribal dynamics were the reasons for the enmity between the two.


Anyhow, after the rest of Khakhi Khels had migrated to Peshawar Valley leaving Kabul, Gigyanis followed and were able to occupy some lands in the proximity of Peshawar probably with some help from the rest of Khakhi Khels as well (may be also Babur ---am not sure about that). After sometime a bloody war broke out between Gigyanis and Yousafzais. The obvious cause for the conflict was the disrespect shown by Gigyani Maliks to Yousafzai leaders when they were on a visit to Gigyani Hujras as guests. More likely reason were the rising influence of Gigyanis in Peshawar and the consequent Gigyani ambitions to expand into the broader valley. Of course, the old enmity since the time of Alagh Baig might also be at work.

Tarklanris at that time were living in Laghman (then called Lamghan) and loyally backed Yousafzais in their various raids/incursions into Swat and Dalazak lands. Shalmanis also were living in Danishkol, Charssada, etc. (if I remeber the accounts correctly). There is some uncertainty as to what is their true origin as well.



Momands----Moreover, Babur mentions in an account of one his raids into the Ghazni region (in his memoirs i.e., Tuzak-i-Babari ) that Momand along with other Ghori Khel tribes were living at Maqur in Ghazni at that time. I don't know what is the present geographical name of Maqur but can speculate that the same name has been retained for the same location.

Anyhow, in early 16th Century Ghori Khel tribal confederacy had not yet arrived in the areas it inhabits now. Ghori Khel tribes moved into their present locations somewhere in late 16th or early 17th Century.

Presently, Khalil and Daudzi are found around Peshawar on the fertile lands in its vicinity. Politically, Khalil have been more influential compared to Daudzais. Momands inhabit Momand agency and some parts of Charssada. Mulla Goris are found alongside Momands in Momand agency in a small enclave at its confluence with Khyber agency. Momands inhabit most of Momand agency and also are spread across the border into Afghanistan where Lalpura is their main center. Shinwaris (am not sure whether they are a part of Ghori Khels or not) live mostly in Nangarhar with small pockets in Khyber Agency as well where some of them are wealthy transporters and traders. It is strange that they have lived with Afridis in harmony for many centuries petty conflicts between the two occasionally not withstanding.

[IamDZJ]

I want to know more about Hotak qandaries. Please don't copy paste a 12 paragraphed long article for me.

[Amir al Ghaznavi]

Momands----Moreover, Babur mentions in an account of one his raids into the Ghazni region (in his memoirs i.e., Tuzak-i-Babari ) that Momand along with other Ghori Khel tribes were living at Maqur in Ghazni at that time. I don't know what is the present geographical name of Maqur but can speculate that the same name has been retained for the same location.

.

Muqur is still the same name. Ghazni now, is 60 % Pashtun, and of those Pashtuns, the overwhelming majority are Ghiljais (Kharoti, Andar, Tarakai), with a sprinkling of Kakars

I want to know more about Hotak qandaries. Please don't copy paste a 12 paragraphed long article for me.

For a Historical Perspective on the Hotaks:

http://books.google.ca/books?id=iqki...0tribe&f=false

An interesting note, in the above book, it claims Wardak dont fall under Ghiljai.

For a breakdown of the Hotak tribal structure

http://www.nps.edu/programs/ccs/docs...otak_tribe.pdf

I want to know about Tokhi and Bittanis

The first link I posted for DZJ also delves into Tokhai history

Also the following link looks at some lesser tribes like the Nasah and the Kharoti and their claims to Hotak and Tokhay lineage

http://books.google.ca/books?id=UQUt...0tribe&f=false

Both Hotaks and Tokhais histories are intertwined

[Toramana]

Muqur is still the same name. Ghazni now, is 60 % Pashtun, and of those Pashtuns, the overwhelming majority are Ghiljais (Kharoti, Andar, Tarakai), with a sprinkling of Kakars



For a Historical Perspective on the Hotaks:

http://books.google.ca/books?id=iqki...0tribe&f=false

An interesting note, in the above book, it claims Wardak dont fall under Ghiljai.

For a breakdown of the Hotak tribal structure

http://www.nps.edu/programs/ccs/docs...otak_tribe.pdf




The first link I posted for DZJ also delves into Tokhai history

Also the following link looks at some lesser tribes like the Nasah and the Kharoti and their claims to Hotak and Tokhay lineage

http://books.google.ca/books?id=UQUt...0tribe&f=false

Both Hotaks and Tokhais histories are intertwined

Thanks Ghaznavi

[IamDZJ]

sooo??? who are the hotaks??