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the turi tribe
The Turi pakhtun tribe belong to the karlans branch but there is a bet confusion about their origin and we will look at that in our discussion.
The Turi tribe maily living in Kuram agency and some accross the border in afghanistan,s paktia province.The Turi is the only pashtun tribe entirely Shai muslims.
According to the Turi pashtuns their leader visited Makha for Haj in the 17th century and on his way back from Haj he also visited Iraq where he converted to shai sect of islam.Before that the tribe was Suni muslim.
Today they care more for their Shai sect then their pashtun origin.They do,nt mixed up with other pashtuns-------------------------------------------
this info from wiki here,,,
The Turi or Torai is the name of a Pashtun tribe in the northeastern Paktia Province of Afghanistan[1] and extends to the Kohat border of the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. The Turis also inhabit the Kurram Valley, which adjoins the western end of the Miranzai Valley in Kurram Agency, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan. They speak Pashto and practice the Shia sect of Islam.[1]
Contents
[hide]
[edit] History
[edit] Pre-Imperial history
The original language of Turis was not Pashto, but due to the surrounding Pashtun tribes they adopted that language.[citation needed] The Turis occupied Kurram,[when?] which was part of the Mughal Empire, although the Mughals held nominal control over the region. During the latter years of Mughal rule the area came under the control of the Afghans. During this period the Turi displaced the Bangash, and the remaining Bangash became hamsayas (clients) of the Turi.[2]
[edit] British annexation
After the annexation of Kohat by the British, the Turis, in league with other tribes, repeatedly harassed the Miranzai border, attacking the Bangash and Khattak villages in Kohat. In 1854 they made a treaty, but their raids continued, though punitive measures were not resorted to, as the tribe was held to be under the control of the Amir of Afghanistan.[2]
However their raids increased in audacity, and in 1856 a force under Brigadier-General Neville Bowles Chamberlain entered the valley. Following this, compensation (the payment of which was guaranteed by the Afghan governor Ghulam Jan) was exacted, the Turis agreeing to pay 8,630 rupees. In 1859 the Turis joined the British expedition against the Kabul Khel Wazirs, but their feud with that tribe subsequently gave much trouble, with reprisals being undertaken by Wazirs in British territory for Turi offenses. In 1816, serious disturbances arose between the Bangash of Lower Kurram and the British village of Thal out of a boundary dispute. In 1877 the Turis were discontented with the oppressive administration of Shahbaz Khan, governor of Kurram, and when the Amir demanded from them a contribution of 50,000 rupees (a poll tax of 5 rupees on every adult female) and 6,000 recruits for his war against the British, they revolted and fled to the hills.[3]
Attempts to pacify the tribe were unsuccessful for a time, but the Turis at last agreed to send a jirga to Kabul and pay a benefaction of 25,000 rupees, while Shahbaz Khan was recalled by the Amir.[3]
In November, 1878, a column under General Roberts entered Kurram from Thal, and occupied Kurram Fort on the 25th of that month. Following on from subsequent British conquests the Turis now co-operated with the British expedition against the Zaimukhts, whose hostility had been marked by the murder of Lieutenant Kinloch, and Kurram was held without further disturbance until its evacuation in October, 1880. The Turis throughout furnished supplies, their levies were employed in escorting convoys, and they, with the Bangash, petitioned that the British should take over the valley and free them from Afghan rule; but the British elected to evacuate the country and the tribe was declared independent.[3]
Internal feuds broke out in a few months, and throughout 1882-4 the Turis were constantly fighting among themselves, as well as with the Jajis and Zaimukhts. The administration of the valley was finally undertaken by the British Government, at the request of the Turis themselves, in 1892.[3]
Although their early dealings with the British government were inclined to turbulence, and they were involvedin the Miranzai expeditions of 1851 and 1855, the only expedition specially sent against them was the Kurram expedition of 1856. After this they settled down and engaged in trade. During the Second Afghan War they supplied Sir Frederick Roberts with guides and provisions. In 1892 they voluntarily accepted British administration and furnished a large part of the tribal militia in the Kurram Valley.
[edit] Sub-divisions
This section does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2010)
The Turis, who are also called Turizais, have five divisions. These are known as Hamza Khel, Mastu Khel, Gondi Khel, Alizai and Duparzai. These are grouped into two main group or clans. The Hamza Khel and Mastu Khel are known as Sargullai, whereas the remaining three are called "Chardi".Detail of each division and the area occupied by them are given below:
The Turi pakhtun tribe belong to the karlans branch but there is a bet confusion about their origin and we will look at that in our discussion.
The Turi tribe maily living in Kuram agency and some accross the border in afghanistan,s paktia province.The Turi is the only pashtun tribe entirely Shai muslims.
According to the Turi pashtuns their leader visited Makha for Haj in the 17th century and on his way back from Haj he also visited Iraq where he converted to shai sect of islam.Before that the tribe was Suni muslim.
Today they care more for their Shai sect then their pashtun origin.They do,nt mixed up with other pashtuns-------------------------------------------
this info from wiki here,,,
The Turi or Torai is the name of a Pashtun tribe in the northeastern Paktia Province of Afghanistan[1] and extends to the Kohat border of the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. The Turis also inhabit the Kurram Valley, which adjoins the western end of the Miranzai Valley in Kurram Agency, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan. They speak Pashto and practice the Shia sect of Islam.[1]
Contents
[hide]
[edit] History
[edit] Pre-Imperial history
The original language of Turis was not Pashto, but due to the surrounding Pashtun tribes they adopted that language.[citation needed] The Turis occupied Kurram,[when?] which was part of the Mughal Empire, although the Mughals held nominal control over the region. During the latter years of Mughal rule the area came under the control of the Afghans. During this period the Turi displaced the Bangash, and the remaining Bangash became hamsayas (clients) of the Turi.[2]
[edit] British annexation
After the annexation of Kohat by the British, the Turis, in league with other tribes, repeatedly harassed the Miranzai border, attacking the Bangash and Khattak villages in Kohat. In 1854 they made a treaty, but their raids continued, though punitive measures were not resorted to, as the tribe was held to be under the control of the Amir of Afghanistan.[2]
However their raids increased in audacity, and in 1856 a force under Brigadier-General Neville Bowles Chamberlain entered the valley. Following this, compensation (the payment of which was guaranteed by the Afghan governor Ghulam Jan) was exacted, the Turis agreeing to pay 8,630 rupees. In 1859 the Turis joined the British expedition against the Kabul Khel Wazirs, but their feud with that tribe subsequently gave much trouble, with reprisals being undertaken by Wazirs in British territory for Turi offenses. In 1816, serious disturbances arose between the Bangash of Lower Kurram and the British village of Thal out of a boundary dispute. In 1877 the Turis were discontented with the oppressive administration of Shahbaz Khan, governor of Kurram, and when the Amir demanded from them a contribution of 50,000 rupees (a poll tax of 5 rupees on every adult female) and 6,000 recruits for his war against the British, they revolted and fled to the hills.[3]
Attempts to pacify the tribe were unsuccessful for a time, but the Turis at last agreed to send a jirga to Kabul and pay a benefaction of 25,000 rupees, while Shahbaz Khan was recalled by the Amir.[3]
In November, 1878, a column under General Roberts entered Kurram from Thal, and occupied Kurram Fort on the 25th of that month. Following on from subsequent British conquests the Turis now co-operated with the British expedition against the Zaimukhts, whose hostility had been marked by the murder of Lieutenant Kinloch, and Kurram was held without further disturbance until its evacuation in October, 1880. The Turis throughout furnished supplies, their levies were employed in escorting convoys, and they, with the Bangash, petitioned that the British should take over the valley and free them from Afghan rule; but the British elected to evacuate the country and the tribe was declared independent.[3]
Internal feuds broke out in a few months, and throughout 1882-4 the Turis were constantly fighting among themselves, as well as with the Jajis and Zaimukhts. The administration of the valley was finally undertaken by the British Government, at the request of the Turis themselves, in 1892.[3]
Although their early dealings with the British government were inclined to turbulence, and they were involvedin the Miranzai expeditions of 1851 and 1855, the only expedition specially sent against them was the Kurram expedition of 1856. After this they settled down and engaged in trade. During the Second Afghan War they supplied Sir Frederick Roberts with guides and provisions. In 1892 they voluntarily accepted British administration and furnished a large part of the tribal militia in the Kurram Valley.
[edit] Sub-divisions
This section does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2010)
The Turis, who are also called Turizais, have five divisions. These are known as Hamza Khel, Mastu Khel, Gondi Khel, Alizai and Duparzai. These are grouped into two main group or clans. The Hamza Khel and Mastu Khel are known as Sargullai, whereas the remaining three are called "Chardi".Detail of each division and the area occupied by them are given below:
- Hamza Khel: They are also known as "Kuchis" because they mostly used to be nomadic. They used to migrate to Zarak-i-Kamal and Shobak during the winters.the Hamza Khel has Spinkai, Mallal, Tarakki, Jana Khel, Pari Khel, Sati Khel, Dreplari, Badi Khel, Jaji and Khashki Khel sub-divisions. The Spinkais have Jamal Khel and Adam Khel sections, whereas Tarakkis have Bailkai, Shakar Khel,Saragullai and Aka Khel sections. The Hamza Khel own lands in karman, Shakhana, Matudai, Mianji, Taida-Kotkai, Malana and Gorakmor. The Maqbal tribe lives between them in the Mallal area in Mianji, Nasardin, Joeri and Tseri hills of the Jajis.
- Mastu Khel: The Mastu Khel are sub-divided into Pirzai Khel, Zakaria Khel, Hussain Khel, Haji Khel, Turka Khel, Biga Khel and Mina Khel. They live in Tezana, Maidanak, Menozai, Badshah, Ahmadzai, Hakim Qala, Karim Qala, Sadara, Tari Kot, Shakar Kot, Baliamin and Jalamic.
- Gondi Khel: The main sub-divisions of the Gondi Khel are Ali Khel, Mamut Khel, Adin Khel, Kamil Khel and Alam Khel. The sub-sections of Mamut Khel are Shamshai Tanai Khel and Nandar Khel. They have occupied the left bank of the Kurram river from Malkot to Ibrahimzai in the villages of Peiwar, Agra, Makot, Amalkot, Ramak, Wali Muhammad Qala, Bangian, Walidad, Yakubi Sanderkot, Torpaki and Ibrahimzai. Thier Kurram right bank villages are Rana and Maura.
- Alizai: Their three sub-divisions are Mir Hassan, Ahmad Khel and Malik Khel. The Mir Hassan sub-sections are Muhammad Khel and Chago Khel. The main villages of the Alizais are Peiwar, Habib Qala, Kunj, Gambir, Agra and Alizai.
- Duparzai: The two sub-divisions of Duparzais are known as Saro Khel and Mirdad Khel. The Saro Khel sub-sections are Daolat Khel, Jafar Khel, Sultan Khel, Shubalan Khel, Baghdadiwar and Megak. The Mirdad Khel sub-sections are Kami Khel, Dreplara, Tar Khel, Lamikot Khel and Kachikana. The Duparzais live in the villages of Paiwar, Shubolam, Bughdi, Alam Sher Qala, Dangila, Shaikh Nur Qala Mathzai, Gidara, Shingak, Barukhai, Kharlachi and Tangi. It may be worth nothing here that these Turi villages and sub-sections existed in the early years of this century. With the increase of population, many changes have taken place in the people themselves and their settlements.
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