Pashto for dummies

[unknownprince]

Dari and farsi are the same nakon?

[Digital Malang]

^^yeah they are basically the same.

[unknownprince]

Zma plar kor ta razee

Manana Shamlawar.

[کیش]

I don't speak dari or urdu lol

I know a little farsi but that's just due to some irani friends I used to have.

Other the a few same words it's a a little different in my opinion.

Check out my thread

http://www.pashtunforums.com/pashto-language-10/pashto-phrase-thread-11710/

It's good for beginners, i got the words from a book i have, it helped a lot. Am sure it will help you too.

[Digital Malang]

in Iran its called Farsi and in Afghanistan it is called Dari.

[IamDZJ]

Taskheer is written with "Seen" تسخير .....It means Musakhar kedal,Tabah kedal, gharqedal.......
And for the second part of your question......Shamar ba khpala jawab darkeeeeeee

toot da woney samar dey.
i know khamaar is written with a khey and shamaar with a sheen.

[Yousafzai Pakhtun]

toot da woney samar dey.
i know khamaar is written with a khey and shamaar with a sheen.

Samar(with sey) = fruit
Khamaar is written with Kheen not khey......so in soft dialect it is pronounced as Shamaar.......

[IamDZJ]

mana tol her shawey dee.

[Yousafzai Pakhtun]

mana tol her shawey dee.

Umbaarak sha!

[IamDZJ]

wrakiga paman makh sara d. pa dey ki d mobaraai sa khabara dey.

[Yousafzai Pakhtun]

wrakiga paman makh sara d. pa dey ki d mobaraai sa khabara dey.

Kha, noo laka daa makh dey paman dey zaka dey pat karey dey.....yo zal bya mobarak sha....

[Mayana]

bahut Shukria darwez, Mr. Edge, Mayana. I should be fluent in no time thanks to you guys, and PF in general, this was the reason why I joined this site. To practice my Pakhto, and the political talks aren't bad either.

So I would like to quickly review what i know about the Pakhto sentence structure.

the subject:

the subject usually starts with a Noun, Pronoun. But does it also start with words like who what where when and why?

the complement:

The object starts off with a preposition, or adjective, following a noun. But the preposition can sandwich both the adjective and noun. Ex "Pe adjective noun ke"

The verb:

Verbs for examples have endings like (yam) (ye) (yu) (ey) but is their more I should know about them?

Once again dera mañana, for your time, patience and help.

As far as the subject goes, yes, it can be a noun or a pronoun or an interrogative pronoun (i.e. who?)


As far as verbs go, the endings depend on the infinitive form.
If it ends on -edal the endings would be:
-ejham
-ejheh
-ejhi
-ejhoo
-ejhay
-ejhee

Example: Kedal, to become. Drop the ending of the infinitive form (-edal) and the stem that remains is just K- .. now attach the new suffixes to it:
Za kejham
Ta kejheh
Day/Daa kejhi
Mujh mejhoo
Taasee kejhay
Hoghoi kejhee

Note that in the Eastern dialect, the 'jh' sound becomes a "g" sound: Kegam, kegeh etc.


If a verb ends with -al they endings would be:
-am
-eh
-ee
-oo
-ai
-ee

Example: Kawal, to do. Drop the ending of the infinitive form (-al) and you're left with the stem: kaw-; now attach the respective suffixes:
Za kawam
Ta kaweh
Day/Daa kawee
Mujh kawoo
Taasee kawai
Hoghoi kawee

[کیش]

So are feminine things like everyday objects that are related to the house?

Like:

house Kor
telephone. Tilifone
Hat
Window
Etc. . .

But, when feminite words, turn plural how do they end? For example:

Houses=== Koruna
Books==== kitabuna

Do most feminite nouns end in "UNA", if not what else is used?

[Mayana]

So are feminine things like everyday objects that are related to the house?

Like:

house Kor
telephone. Tilifone
Hat
Window
Etc. . .

But, when feminite words, turn plural how do they end? For example:

Houses=== Koruna
Books==== kitabuna

Do most feminite nouns end in "UNA", if not what else is used?

Almost all the ones you listed up there are masculine.

Masculine nouns are pluralized depending on their last letter and maybe their origin. If they end on alef or dwastargeh he, such as Maamaa or Baaja, the plural is formed by adding the suffix -gaan at the end: Maamaagan, Baajagan. If they end on any other letter, the suffix -oona is added: Kamisoona, Koroona etc.
Sometimes, with words from foreign languages such as Dari or Arabic or a few other words, the suffix -aan is added: Rafiqaan, Moalimaan, Andiwaalaan..

Kor - Koroona
Telefon - Telefonooona
Kilkin - Kilkinoona
Ketab - Ketaboona
Kamis - Kamisoona
Seb - Seboona
Chinaar - Chinaaroona
Orbal - Orbaloona
Lewar - Lewroona
Plaar - Plaroona
Wror - Wroona
Partoog - Partoogoona
Andilwal - Andiwalaan
Rafiq - Rafiqaan
Moalim - Moalimaan
Akaa - Akaagaan
Maamaa - Maamaagan
Baaja - Baajagan


Feminine nouns ending on dwastargeh he, such as Manna, ketabcha, mewa, Ghooncha are pluralized by dropping that -a at the end and substituting it with a -eh sound. Manneh, Ketabcheh, Meweh, Ghooncheh.
Many feminine nouns are irregular: Mor, Amma, Khaala etc:

Kholai - Kholiyaani
Jalai - Jooni
Manna - Manneh
Wanna - Wanni
Kitabcha - Kitabcheh
Mor - Mandi
Khor - Khoandi
Ama - Amagaani
Khaala - Khalagaani
Loor - Looni

Bear in mind that oftentimes, plurals are heavily dialect-dependent. Where we might not add -oona at the end, other dialects do. It might be totally unheard of and laughed upon in one dialect while it will be viewed as the only correct option in another.

[کیش]

Am still confused, what is considered Masculine, and feminine?

Thanks for being patient with me!