Pashto Basic course discussion topic.

[کیش]

Present tense

I will use transliterated Pashto for this lesson as I'm on my iPad and switching between the pashto keyboard app and copying it here is a pain. For now

The directive pronoun: ra, dar, war with Kawal. For the present tense

0)Tu, ma ta peyse ra-kawÉ? Are you giving me money?
Na, Za ta ta dodday dar-kawam. No, I'm giving you bread.

1)Muhajirino ta imdadi muwad war-kaway? Do you give relieve goods to the refugees?
Ho, war-ta Shodé war-kawam. yes, we are giving milk to them

2)Dey tsu waxt ra-ta peyse ra-kawi? When will he give me money?
Peyse dar-ta na-dar-kawi. He wont give you the money

* if the object is directed towards the first person then you use the pronoun /ra-/(to, towards me, us)
*if the pronoun /dar-/ (to, towards you) is used, then it's directed towards the second person
*if the object of the giving is directed towards a 3rd person /war-/ (to, towards him, her, them) is used

-hagha dalta ra-zi = he is coming here
-hagha dar-zi = he is coming to you.
-hagha halta war-zi = he is going there

3) in addition to their usage with verbs these pronouns may also be used with postpositions instead of object pronouns in the oblique case
- ra-Sara Zé = are you going with us?
Ho, dar-Sara zum= yes, I am going with you.
-mung war-Sara Zu = we are going with them.
-tu ra-ta tsu ra-kawè? What are you giving me?
Za dar-ta chay dar-kawam = I'm giving you tea.
[MENTION=1034]Badlun[/MENTION]

What do you think?

[Badlun]

Auxiliary Verbs: these verbs are used to in forming tenses, moods, and voices of other verbs. they help in the present and past tenses. examples of auxiliary verbs in Pakhto:

1)کول او کړل are transitive verbs which means "to do". to conjucagate perfective verbs we use Karral) and for imperfective verbs we use Kawal)

2)ثول او کیدل. means "to happen, to become." Shwal is for perfective verbs, and kedal is for imperfective verbs

ex:
ته په کالج کې وثوي، ته په کالج کښې کیږې. You are admitted to college; You were admitted in college.

i hope these makes sense and helps

Great work. der xa zama wrora
No 2 should be with shin shwal or swal not with tse

The complete translation of the sentences You are admitted to college; You were admitted in college should be =ta pohanzi ke dakhil kegey;
ta pohanzi ke dakhil shawey

Can you please define and give some more examples/sentences of perfective and imperfective verbs

[Badlun]

Present tense

I will use transliterated Pashto for this lesson as I'm on my iPad and switching between the pashto keyboard app and copying it here is a pain. For now

The directive pronoun: ra, dar, war with Kawal. For the present tense

0)Tu, ma ta peyse ra-kawÉ? Are you giving me money?
Na, Za ta ta dodday dar-kawam. No, I'm giving you bread.

1)Muhajirino ta imdadi muwad war-kaway? Do you give relieve goods to the refugees?
Ho, war-ta Shodé war-kawam. yes, we are giving milk to them

2)Dey tsu waxt ra-ta peyse ra-kawi? When will he give me money?
Peyse dar-ta na-dar-kawi. He wont give you the money

* if the object is directed towards the first person then you use the pronoun /ra-/(to, towards me, us)
*if the pronoun /dar-/ (to, towards you) is used, then it's directed towards the second person
*if the object of the giving is directed towards a 3rd person /war-/ (to, towards him, her, them) is used

-hagha dalta ra-zi = he is coming here
-hagha dar-zi = he is coming to you.
-hagha halta war-zi = he is going there

3) in addition to their usage with verbs these pronouns may also be used with postpositions instead of object pronouns in the oblique case
- ra-Sara Zé = are you going with us?
Ho, dar-Sara zum= yes, I am going with you.
-mung war-Sara Zu = we are going with them.
-tu ra-ta tsu ra-kawè? What are you giving me?
Za dar-ta chay dar-kawam = I'm giving you tea.
[MENTION=1034]Badlun[/MENTION]

What do you think?

This is a highly useful lesson as many of us confuse the use of these directive pronouns. Please take your time and also write the Pashto sentences in Pashto script.
With your help we can develop a very systematic course for Pashto learners and users.

[کیش]

About the Pashto Infinitive مصر
A infinitive goes by the suffix (-ل ex: ټکول؛وړل...

An infinitive is used to name a a verb in Pashto, It is free from tenses, like a noun, and shows a infintite action, it's treated as a masculine plural. EX:

هغه خپلو کښي وهل وکړل "They beat each other

The verb وکړل shows agreement with the masculine plural object, which is the infinitive وهل

2nd half of this lesson about "Infinitives will be posted later tonight.

[کیش]

About the Pashto Infinitive مصر
A infinitive goes by the suffix (-ل ex: ټکول؛وړل...

An infinitive is used to name a a verb in Pashto, It is free from tenses, like a noun, and shows a infintite action, it's treated as a masculine plural. EX:

هغه خپلو کښي وهل وکړل "They beat each other

The verb وکړل shows agreement with the masculine plural object, which is the infinitive وهل

2nd half of this lesson about "Infinitives will be posted later tonight.

The marker for a transitive infintive is (-ول
the marker for an intransitive infintive is (یدل)

Prefixed infintives: constructed by adding a particle as a prefix to a simple infintive, and giving a new meaning to the infintive. EX:

تلل + ور،در،را (directional pronouns)

ورتلل، درتلل، راتلل (to come to me/us, - to you, - to him/her, them)

كول + ور، در، را

راكول، دركول، وركل (to give to me/us, - to you, -to him/her, them)

[MENTION=1034]Badlun[/MENTION] perhaps you could add some extra materials for these "infinitives" lessons.

[کیش]

Simple Past tense:

most simple past tense verbs has the prefix و
moves to the impergect form ex: ما دوى وليدل I saw them.

From denominative verbs, by separating them into the nominal part with the auxiliary verb in the perfective:

دوی کور جوړکئ They build a house (Transitive)

[SIZE="4"][څو ورځي تېري سوې/SIZE] several days passed by (intransitive)

from compound verbs, by putting the auxiliary verbs in the perfective without the prefix (و-

جلسه شروع سوه the meeting started

simple past tense can be used to show a durative as well as an instantaneous action ex:

چي ما حغه ولید نو خد يې ليکه When i saw him, he was writing a letter.

also, it can be used with a future meaning in conditional subordinate clauses. EX:

که دی راغځئ نو څه به وکو if he came, then what will we do?

other examples of the simple past tense verb conjucation

دی راغئ دئ He has come
ما ده کتاب ویلئ دئ I have read this book.

Past perfect tense lesson coming next. i hope i make sense, and i promise to become better/clearer in the coming lessons. i'm also strenghting my Pashto skills.

[Badlun]

The marker for a transitive infintive is (-ول
the marker for an intransitive infintive is (یدل)

Prefixed infintives: constructed by adding a particle as a prefix to a simple infintive, and giving a new meaning to the infintive. EX:

تلل + ور،در،را (directional pronouns)

ورتلل، درتلل، راتلل (to come to me/us, - to you, - to him/her, them)

كول + ور، در، را

راكول، دركول، وركل (to give to me/us, - to you, -to him/her, them)

@Badlun perhaps you could add some extra materials for these "infinitives" lessons.

Learning Infinitive is very important for vocabulkary building. If you have a lot active glossary of infinitives then you will be able to construct new sentences with different verb forms. Following is a good list of infinitives

Pashto

English

خوږېدل To ache (vi)(intransitive) اعلانول To announce (vt)(transitive) نومېدل To be named (vi) ښکارېدل To be seen / To appear (vi) لهٔ مينځه تلل To become destroyed (vt) کېدل To become (vi) اړه لرل To belong (vi) بندېدل To block (vi) راوړل To bring (something (vt) جوړول To build (vt) اخيستل To buy (vt) پاکول To clean (vt) بندول To close (vt) چپه کېدل To collapse (vi) راتلل To come (vi) تماس نيول To contact (vt) دوام کول To continue (vt) پخول / پخلی نږل To cook (vt) کول To do (vt) تمرين کول To do training (vt) څښل / چښل / څکل To drink (vt) چلول To eat (vt) خوړل To educate / train (vt) روزل To emphasize (vt) تاکيد کول To exercise (vt) ورزش کول To fetch water (vt) اوبهٔ راوړل To fire a weapon (vt) بهېدل To flow (vi) ستړی کېدل To get tired (vi) پاڅېدل / راپاڅېدل To get up (vi) راکښېنستل To get up (vi) (v.2) راکول To give (to me) (vt) تلل To go (vi) لرل / درلودل To have (vt) درد کول To hurt / To pain (vt) درواغويل / دروغويل To lie (vt) ژوند کول To live (vt) اوسېدل To live / To stay (vt) کتل To look (vt) کار غوښتل To look for a job (vt) جوړول To make/fix (vt) مارش کول To march (vt) ضرورت لرل To need (vt) مېله کول To picnic (vt) لوبې کول To play (vt) لمونځ کول To pray (vt) تيارول To prepare (vt) اورېدل To rain / To fall (vi) لوستل To read (vt) يادول To remember (vt) منډې وهل To run (vt) ځغستل To run (vi) سلامي وهل To salute (vt) ليدل To see (vt) خرڅول To sell (vt) نښه ويشتل To shoot target (vt) ويدهٔ کېدل / بيدېدل To sleep (vi) بيول To take (vt) خبرې کول To talk (vt) فکر کول To think (vt) استعمالول To use (vt) غوښتل To want (vt) مينځل / پرېمينځل / پرېولل To wash (vt) اغوستل To wear (vt) کار کول To work (vt) ليکل To write (vt)http://quizlet.com/2011065/pashto-un...e-flash-cards/

[Badlun]

Simple Past tense:

most simple past tense verbs has the prefix و
moves to the impergect form ex: ما دوى وليدل I saw them.

From denominative verbs, by separating them into the nominal part with the auxiliary verb in the perfective:

دوی کور جوړکئ They build a house (Transitive)

[SIZE="4"][څو ورځي تېري سوې/SIZE] several days passed by (intransitive)

from compound verbs, by putting the auxiliary verbs in the perfective without the prefix (و-

جلسه شروع سوه the meeting started

simple past tense can be used to show a durative as well as an instantaneous action ex:

چي ما حغه ولید نو خد يې ليکه When i saw him, he was writing a letter.

also, it can be used with a future meaning in conditional subordinate clauses. EX:

که دی راغځئ نو څه به وکو if he came, then what will we do?

other examples of the simple past tense verb conjucation

دی راغئ دئ He has come
ما ده کتاب ویلئ دئ I have read this book.

Past perfect tense lesson coming next. i hope i make sense, and i promise to become better/clearer in the coming lessons. i'm also strenghting my Pashto skills.

We should differentiate Present Perfect tense and Simple(indefinite) tense.
Both function for action in past but in Prsent Perfect action starts in past and finishes in present but in Simple Past the action starts in past and finishes also in Past. Both have different structures

He has come=Present Perfect tense=hagha raghaley dey
He came=Simple Past=Hagha raghey or raghlo

I have read this book=Present Perfect=Ma da kitab lwastaely(wayaley) dey
I read this book=Simple Past=Ma da kitab wulwast/uwayo/uwayalo

[NiMade Olga]

corrections are in RED COLOR


we do understand your sentences but please write its translation in english too for the benifit of other participants

Could you explain please, why there is "dera" and not "der" used in example sentences:
"Zama da malgare da jwand kissa dera darnnak da"
"Da zarha khaza dera najjora da"
And how I should use this "der/dera" words?
Also, in the second sentence there is word "zahra" used, is it feminine form of "zohr"?

Then, there is in sentence "Zama yareedunki filmuna der khwakh wi", used "wi" at the end. What is its exact meaning and how to use it? And how to know where should I use "wi" and where should I use ending "-am" and in which cases I will use "yam"?
Thank you in advance


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[Badlun]

Could you explain please, why there is "dera" and not "der" used in example sentences:
"Zama da malgare da jwand kissa dera darnnak da"
"Da zarha khaza dera najjora da"
And how I should use this "der/dera" words?
Also, in the second sentence there is word "zahra" used, is it feminine form of "zohr"?

Then, there is in sentence "Zama yareedunki filmuna der khwakh wi", used "wi" at the end. What is its exact meaning and how to use it? And how to know where should I use "wi" and where should I use ending "-am" and in which cases I will use "yam"?
Thank you in advance


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"Zama da malgare da jwand kissa dera darnnak da"=dardnaka,=Story of the life of my friend is very painful.
"Da zarha khaza dera najjora da"=This old woman is very sick.

Der means much or very , many and is singular as well as plural but masculine. dera is only singular and masculine while derey is feminine plural. For example
Many men came=der sarhi raghlal
many women came=derey khazey raghley
He brought too much milk=hagha der pai/shawda rawrhal
She is a very good woman=hagha dera xa xaza da


zarha is feminine of zorh means old. zarhey is plural feminine while zarha is plural masculine
old woman=zarha xaza
old man=zorh sarhey
old women=zarhey xazey
old men=zarha sarhi

wi is the subjunctive form of di and in general impersonal statements and expressions of probability and futurity.

wi like di is plural and are some times used interchangeably. yam is singular.

I am a boy=za yaw halak yam
I am a girl= za yawa jinai/injlai yam
These are men=da sarhi di
These were men=da sarhi woo
I like these three mangoes.=zama da drey amuna khwax di(specific mangoes)
I like mangoes=zama amuna khwax wi(I like mangoes generally)
he will be there=Hagha ba halta wi
he would have come=hagha a raghaley wi
you are there=ta halta ye
you(plural) are there=taso halta yai(yast)
I was there=za halta wum
we were there=mong halta woo
you were there=ta halta wey
you(plural) were there=taso halta wai
they were there=haghoi halta woo
They are here=haghoi dalta di
he is here=hagha dalta dey
she is here=hagha dalta da
and so on

[NiMade Olga]

Please, could you help me to understand?
There was a home work to translate a paragraph into Pashto, and there was a translation from Spogmay:

Home Work DA KOR KAR Present Indefinite tense or Simple Present tense

Translate the following paragraph into Pashto. da landinai da likalo tota pa Pashto ke jabarha kai

I get up early in the morning and go to river side for a walk. then I come back home and take a cold bath. Then I take my breakfast and prepare to go for university. In university I attend various classes and meet my friends. I also attend some sessions on culture and politics. I also deliver talk on Pashto, Pashtuns and Pashtunwali. Then at afternoon I come back home , take rest and then play foot ball. At night I participate in various forums of Pashtunforums.com. I like this site very much. then I go to bed.

(spogmai shaglay;41191)
Za saba ki sahar waqt pasam awo yaw sail da para da sind gada ta zam.biya za korta razam awo yaw sorh lambal neesam..biya za narey neesam/khwram awo pohantoon tlal da para tahya ( tayyari) kawom pa pohantoon ki belo sanafoona attend (too many meanings in the dictionary for attend didn't know which to use) kom awo zama malgari na mulaqat kom. hum pa kaltur awo siyasat ma shameer sanafoona attend kom. hum pa pashtu, pashtun awo pashtunwali ma bayan/lecture warkom biya pa maspakeen wakht korta razam, tatob (also aaraam?)newam awo biya football lobey kom. Pa shpa ki ma da pashtunforums.com belo hujra ki shirkat kom.. mata za site der khkhwam.. biya za bestara ta zam..

Now, I got confused:
1. At the first sentence used word 'yaw' - what is that and what does it there?
2. And then, it comes again: 'yaw sorh lambal neesam' - what is that 'yaw'?
3. Isn't it possible instead of 'lambal neesam' to use 'lambam' or something like that?
4. Is it correct at all to make this verb form - 'lambam'?
5. Isn't there word 'farhang' which is used for culture? Or it is just taken from Farsi?
6. Is there other possible translation of this paragraph into Pashto?

Thank you in advance.


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[Badlun]

I get up early in the morning and go to river side for a walk. then I come back home and take a cold bath. Then I take my breakfast and prepare to go for university. In university I attend various classes and meet my friends. I also attend some sessions on culture and politics. I also deliver talk on Pashto, Pashtuns and Pashtunwali. Then at afternoon I come back home , take rest and then play foot ball. At night I participate in various forums of Pashtunforums.com. I like this site very much. then I go to bed.

Correct translation

za sahar wakhti pasam aw da sind gharhey ta chakar ta zam. bya kor ta wapaz razam aw pa yakho ubo lambam. bya nashta/sarha kom aw da pohantoon tlalo dapara tayari kom. pa pohantoon ke mukhtalif clasuna akhlam aw malgaro sara winam. za pa Kaltur aw syasat band hum sabakuna akhlam. Za pa pashto, Pashtano aw pashtunwali band sabakuna/taqriruna hum kom. Pasta maspaxina kor ta wapas/pastana razam. aram kom aw bya foot ball/pandoskey kom. Da shpey pa pashtun foramuno ke pa ganrho brakho ke brakha akhlam. zama da web panrha dera khwaxa da. Bya uda kegam.

1. At the first sentence used word 'yaw' - what is that and what does it there?

In the correct translation given above yaw is not there but yaw means one or definite article A/An and is sued in impersonal sense. It is also correct to say yaw chakar/sail ta zam. I go for A walk. yaw is sued for a.
2. And then, it comes again: 'yaw sorh lambal neesam' - what is that 'yaw'?

Again used as an article for oneness..one bath, a bath
3. Isn't it possible instead of 'lambal neesam' to use 'lambam' or something like that? the correct verb is lambal and for pronoun I lambam.

5. Isn't there word 'farhang' which is used for culture? Or it is just taken from Farsi? farhang is Persian and kaltur is usually pashtunized form of culture.

[یاسمینه]

[QUOTE=NiMade Olga;706613]1. At the first sentence used word 'yaw' - what is that and what does it there?

To me it looks like a loan translation from Dari/ Parsi. Maybe the text was translated by a native Dari/ Parsi user.

[Badlun]

[QUOTE=یاسمینه;706795]

1. At the first sentence used word 'yaw' - what is that and what does it there?

To me it looks like a loan translation from Dari/ Parsi. Maybe the text was translated by a native Dari/ Parsi user.

May be your observation is right. The translations has many mistakes and I have tried to give above the correct translation now.

Can you help me please writing the translation in Pashto script?

[یاسمینه]

[QUOTE=Badlun;706803]

May be your observation is right. The translations has many mistakes and I have tried to give above the correct translation now.

Can you help me please writing the translation in Pashto script?

I will do that tomorrow. Just please tell me, what would you like me to do. To write your translation or my own translation? I have impression that sometimes you use colloquial language. For example: you translated "...aw malgaro sara winam" while my version would be "aw le malgaro sara winem"...