Pashto Basic course discussion topic.

[Badlun]

WE.....................موږ could be used as well.

The one with the nooon was like "monga" right?

Mong, Monga and Mog all the forms are used for WE. All are correct.

[Badlun]

Lesson no 3

Pronouns

For the English pronoun mine Pashto pronoun is the same zama, for them da haghoi , for him da hagha and so on

Vocabulary

It is for him ده دهغه د پاره دی da da hagha da para day/da

It ده da,him da دهغه hagha

For د پاره da para, is دی/ ده day(masc.)da(fem)


Communication

Imperatives

come راځه raza

go ځه za

General

In Pashto you will come across many synonyms and homonyms. Context make the meaning clear. As we saw two meanings of the word za one I, second go. There is a little difference of stress as the one for go is more stressed

[Badlun]

LESSON NO 4

Grammar

Nouns

Noun is a name . In Pashto for name the words num/nama are used.Number of the noun is either plural or singular. For making plural the suffixes AN ,ONA/una ,EE/i, are most frequently used

Vocabulary

person......کس/تن....... kas/tan, persons.... کسان/تنه ..... kasan/tanan


table.......میز ..........mez, tables......میزونه.........mezona


man.......سړی ...........sarhay men........سړي........sarhi


woman ...ښځه....khaza-shaza ښځي women khazey-shazey



boy .....هالک .......halak boys ..هالکان...halakan



girl.......جنئِي .......jinai girls ..جنکئِي...kinakai



Communication

Meet these men.............. de sarho sara milaw sha/uwina/ogora(milaw sha is an urdu influence on Pashto specially in Pakistan which may be avoided to use)

ده سړو سره ــــــ

General

In the above sentence we see the plural sarho not sarhi. Yes usually in a sentence and in objective case this plural is used. but

These are men

da sarhi di.

ده سړي دي

[Badlun]

Lesson 5 (Pashto Script Added)

Lesson no. 5

Grammar

Nouns -gender

masculine نر nar, feminine ښځه khaza/shaza

In Pashto often the feminine ends with the suffix a or ai or ee-i

There are also totally separate words for feminine and masculine

There are masculine/ feminine difference in human beings, animals and things.

There is also neuter(no feminine/masculine) and common (both masculine/feminine)gender which is mostly found in words taken from other languages

Different auxiliary verbs are used for masculine and feminine. Remember that in grammar (language rules) there are always exceptions. I write mostly generalizations. If u come across some anomalies or exceptional cases please discuss it here.

Vocabulary

This is a man.......................da sarhay day,This is a woman... da khaza/shaza da

ده سړی دی / ده ښځه ده

This is a girl........................ da jinai da , This is a boy......... da halak day

ده هالک دی / ده جنئِي ده

meal/bread............ dodai/marhai/tikalay

ډوډى/ مړى/مړئِي /ټکالی

meal is good...................dodai kha /sha da

ډودی ښه ده

dog سپی spay, bitch سپۍ spai

سپی / سپۍ

Communication

eat/take meal.................. dodai ukhra/wakhla

ډودی اخره / واخلا

bring one chair for me..............mala yawa kursai/chawkai rawrha

مالا یو کرسۍ / چوکۍ راوړه

General

we see in the above examples that feminine words end with a, ai ,ee-I. For feminine is da for masculine day . One chair is yawa kursai but one book is yaw kitab because kursai is feminine and kitab is masculine.

Mother > Mor

مور

Father > plaar

پلار

Brother > Ror-Wror

ورور

Sister > Khor

خور

Son > Zwey

زوي

Daughter > Loor

لور

Uncle > tra/kaka/mama

تره / کاکا /ماما

Auntie > tror chachi/maasi(urdu influence)

ترور / چاچې /ماسې

Grandfather > Neeka

نیکه

Grandmother > Nyaa

نیا

Grandson > nwase/masse

نوسی / نمسی

Grandaughter > Nwasai/Masai


نوسي / نمسي

[Badlun]

Whats the formal way of saying Good bye, see you tomorrow.

Pashtuns usually dont use frequently salutaions like HI, HELLO, SEE YOU etc.

For example for "hi" there is no specific word and as English has invaded other languages similar is the case with Pashto. Educated Pashtuns most of the times use the same hi. Some times KHA/SHA CHAREY is also used for HI. As we know hi is the informal form of how are you , in Pashto you may come across the phrase SANGA CHAL DAY< HOW ARE THINGS

This is very interesting that among the Pashtuns the use of Mearbani or manana is not that much frequent as it is in other languages because Pashtuns are more intrinsic people. For them external courtesies are not that much important.

In a Pashtun village you may carry a mountain for a person but when you drop the mountain you will hear nothing from that Pashtun even not a single word of thanks as he is obliged internally , in his hearts of hearts and for him/her just to say a few words will make the importance of the task lesser. Few words are not equivalent for the great task done and another aspect is that Pashtuns are by nature gregarious and social people . it is routine to help others, why to thank? saying manana is just exhibitionism <showsha for them.

The word manana is now getting currency. Previously it was not that much common.In Pakistan some times shukrya and mehrabani are also used for thanks which is Urdu influence while in Afghanistan you may also hear Tashakur which is Persian influence.

A model dialogue

Palwasha. pakhair raghlay(mostly in northen parts) or starhi mashay(mostly in southern parts)=welcome

Zarghuna. dera manana/ dera merabani( the original Pashto is manana). (elder people may pray only here as may say loi shay<have a long age< or khuday de ubakha/sha< God may pardon you<etc

Now silence or other usual conversation

DA KHUDEY PA AMAN-PA MAKHA DE KHA/SHA-PA KHUDEY SPARALEY-kor de wadan=GOOD BYE
SABA BA SARA WINO= SEE YOU TOMORROW

No words are usually used like in English you are welcome after thank you.

[Badlun]

Lesson no 6

Nouns gender

Grammar.

In Pashto the common gender is also some times modified as doctor<doctora, teacher <teachara.

All the inanimate things are either feminine or masculine . Other parts of the speech/sentence especially helping verbs often agree with gender as

sarhay day, but khaza /shaza da .

maz day but kursai da ,
kitab day but kapee<notebook< da.
khaza raghla<came< but sarhay raghay.
chowkai/ kursai kha/sha da <chair is good< but mez kha day.

Vocabulary.

Numbers<hindsay<Shmira

1 > yaw يو

2 > dwa دوه

3 > drey درې

4 > tsalor څلور

5 > pinza پنځه

6 > shpag/j شپږ

7 > owa اووه

8 > ata اته

9 > naha/ana نه

10 > las لس

Communication

These are two men<da dwa sarhi di
These are three women<da dray khazay/shazey di

General

We see above that for sarhi we use di<plural..are
for is we have da and day

Please also note that most of the Pashtuns unfortunately use Urdu numbers in Pakistan but not in Afghanistan. This trend must be discouraged and stopped as we have our own numbers why should we use numbers of other languages.

[Badlun]

Test no 1

Folowing is a short simple Pashto test based on the above lessons. Those who wana learn Pashto or improve their Pashto may please participate.

TEST NO 1 ............AWAL AZMAIKHT

PAPER <PASHTO LANGUAGE....... PARCHA . PASHTO JABA

INSTRUCTIONS< 1.ATTEMPT ALL THE QUESTIONS< DA TOLO SWALOONO JAWABONA OLIKAI

2. YOU MAY ANSWER A QUESTION IN ENGLISH OR PASHTO OR AS DIRECTED FOR EACH QUESTION. IF YOU WRITE IN PASHTO THEN NO NEED OF TRANSLATION

< TASO JAWABONA PA ANGREZAI YA PASHTO KE WARKAWALAY SHAI YA LAKA SARANGA CHE DA HAR SWAL DA PARA WAINA SHAWI DA

3. YOU CAN READ THE ABOVE LESSONS BEFORE STARTING THE TEST BUT PLEASE DONOT READ WHILE ATTEMPTING THE TEST. YOU SHOULD READ THE LESSONS AS YOU POST YOUR ANSWERS.

<DA AZMAIKHT NA MAKHKAY SBAQONA KATAY SHAI KHO DA AZMAIKHT PA WAKHT KE NA. WROSTO KATAL PAKAR DI

4. TOTAL TIME <ONE HOUR--------TOTAL MARKS <1OO-- TOL WAKHT YAWA GANTA/SAAT -- TOLAY NUMBARAY 100<SAL

QUESTION I< What do you know about the two dialacts of Pashto< taso da Pashto da dwawo lihjo ba larh ke sa maloomat larai

2. Write all the pronouns of Pashto and use in sentences( IN Pashto). < da Pashto tol zamirona olikay aw pa jumlo ke ye istimal kai

3.Write few Pashto singulars and plurals. da Pashto yaw so wahid jama olikai

4. Wite few Pashto masculines and then write their feminenes. <da Pashto yaw so nar noomona -- muzakar--olikai aw bia da haghay moanas --khaza nomoona olikai

5.Write a conversation with a Pashtun friend in Pashto on any topic< da yaw Pashtun malgari sara pa Pashto ke pa har sa topic khabaray olikai

Good luck.............................. pa makha mo nek margha

[Badlun]

Manana Malgarya.

Please participate in this course as facilitators of Pashto language or learners of pashto language.

We are trying to improve this course. With the help of Admn Khan , Tor Khan and Baidarwal and other friends we will be adding voice recordings for listening practice and writing all Pashto words and sentences in Pashto alphabet for reading practice.

[Laila]

Wow Osho, that is amazing

[pekhawar]

Osho,

you are doing a spectacular job.

[Marwat]

amazing job Osho.

when is more classes coming.

[Zakiah]

I will be following these lessons..It seems really good.

[Badlun]

Dera Manana Malgaro

Please try to attempt the above Test No 1 and then we will have further lessons.

Admn Khan is also once again requested to help us in Pashto writing and the voice recording.

[Admin Khan]

Osho,
You have my full undivided attention and support.

PM me.

[Nokia_Apridy]

Sallmona ao da Pukhtu Bacho

zma patay jwand sta shu Osho wrar dar kha lagya ya
da waray khulay ao loya khbra bakhna ba rata kaway...

vocabulary

قاموس، دكلمو ذخيره چې دالفبا په ترتيب ټول شوي وي.

communication

مفاهمه، مخابره دفكر څرګندونه (يو بل ته): پيغام دمخابرې وسيله.

lesson
لوست