History of Kandahar

[Khostai]

@ Apollyon are you Pashtun?

[Shah-i-Kot]

Amateurish response perhaps we should dismiss your entire response. Please work on your sentence structure and English. I am Pashtun, from your response, I would not be out of line by saying you lack scientific and historical wisdom. Pashtun's are not middle eastern or semite, Afghanistan does not lie on the Middle eastern plate. The leonidus-lion like quote was in reference to many battles impossible to link. Your ancestors were worshipping idols, fire, and countless Hindu gods before Alexander arrived, "Nowroze" do you know what boys were doing with their mothers on this day? Sanskirt burrows from Avestan and has more merit, most of what you wrote regarding Greek is hogwash.

Greeks reconstructed and united the known world, as Afghans did with India when ruling the region. The accusations you (akhmak-khela)about Greeks is not tolerated by Afghans.

Alexanders Castle Herat



This is the remains of one of Alexander the Great's Castles located in Southern Afghanistan in the province of Uruzgon

Islam is not local or "your religion" but for everyone. If you feel more Hebrew, semite, Paki or Dravidian, then you should visit their forums pour your heart out.

We Pashtuns are Bani Israel, we look like them, our traditions are like theirs, and we have racial links with the original tribes of Israel.

We have Yousafzai (son of Joseph), Afridi (related to Ephraim). These are examples...

We are Semitic. Dont tell us what our history is especially considering we b defeated the Greek... like we did to the Persians, Mongols, British, Russians, etc..etc...your just a spec on the people we kicked. I dont know which castles your talking about, all I know is my forefathers kicked the Greeks asss out of Pashtunistan. Yeah, your great hero was talking about us.

trying to claim Pashtun fortresses as your own. That really is rich considering the Greeks were only able to make posts in non-Pashtun areas. (Tajikistan)...and those were the ones from where they ran to India

LOL

You are a funny man my friend...please calm down...

[Apollyon]

@ Apollyon are you Pashtun?

Khosti Yes I am Pashtun Afghan not Paki ^-_-^

Shahi louwda I won't respond to your paki giberish your not Pashtun if your Paki, confused about his history thinks he is a Jew, most Pashtuns are not, I am really looking at the bottem of my shoes now.

This theory was debunked by reason and logic.


..Ashkenazi have the haplogroup GC2 which is extremely rare in the rest of the human population. It seems to be present in a small percentage in the Pashtuns in Afghanistan but the origin of this haplogroup is unknown. The haplogroup Q1b (Q-M378) is also rare in the rest of the human population. It is found in Hazara and Sindhi which are two nomadic tribes in Pakistan. It is also found in the Uyghurs of North-Western China. Behar et al. suggest that those haplogroups are minor Ashkenazi Jews founding lineages.....


..The abstract states: "our results that all current Afghans largely share a heritage derived from a common unstructured ancestral population that could have emerged during the Neolithic revolution and the formation of the first farming communities. Our results also indicate that inter-Afghan differentiation started during the Bronze Age, probably driven by the formation of the first civilizations in the region..


..MDS and Barrier analysis have identified a significant affinity between Pashtun, Tajik, North Indian, and West Indian populations, creating an Afghan-Indian population structure that excludes the Hazaras, Uzbeks, and the South Indian Dravidian speakers


.. Our results also indicate that inter-Afghan differentiation started during the Bronze Age, probably driven by the formation of the first civilizations in the region. Later migrations and invasions into the region have been assimilated differentially among the ethnic groups, increasing inter-population genetic differences, and giving the Afghans a unique genetic diversity in Central Asia.


On the other hand, R1a1a-M17 was significantly more frequent (p = 3.00×10−6) in Pashtuns (51.02%) and Tajiks (30.36%)

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0034288#pone.0034288.s003

[Shah-i-Kot]

@ Apollyon are you Pashtun?

Apollynon is a Macedonian-Greek (he said it himself when he first joined the forum).

Now he is pulling a Romney, and claiming to be Pashtun....when all he has been doing he is talking about how great Alexander the Great was,,, some freak that our forefathers taught a nice bloody lesson to....as they taught all foreign invaders. Never heard about Pashtuns talking about how great Genghiz was LOL....

The guy is a complete clown.. His whole purpose is to tell Pashtuns, that Pashtuns are Greeks...Its the same thing the Persians did when they said that some Pashtuns are Persians....I dont know if the Mongols have the energy to cook up these theories (due to being humiliated with defeat).

I have noted it, and its disturbing to see how obsessed he is with doing this. By doing this, he alleviates the humiliation that a bunch of sodomizing homosexual Greeks were defeated by Pashtuns....It really is stinging I guess...but his attempts to continuously insult not only our history, but our religion (claiming Alexander was mentioned in the Quran) is crossing lines. Remember, the Persians did this after they got beaten by Mirwais neeka....they started cooking up stories about Pashtuns being Persians....to insult us...

This clown has not an ounce of Pashtun blood in him. Ask most if not all Pashtun here, and they all know of the stories that have trickled down generations that we Pashtuns are Bani Israel whether one wants to believe it or not.

Several years ago I showed my father the online sources about Pashtun Bani Israel....this is when historians started becoming more interested in this idea...and he said his father had told him the same thing. This is our real history.



Some Tajiks and Punjabis do claim to be descended from Greeks......

[Khostai]

I don't belive we are bani-Israel we have nothing that resemble Israelite peopel and there is no proof.....

[ډګروال]

apollyon quit trolling.

[Apollyon]

Inappropriate for an "Arya" noble to associate with inferiors of lower cast.

Although Islam prohibits pride there is a caste system in Islam.. Three classes of people .

Pashtu as a language is closer to Avestan and origina Persians (Afghans) than middle age Dari or Farsi.

Qamar 54

5. Perfect wisdom but the preaching of warners benefit them not.

Waqiah 56

7. And you will be in three kinds.8.So those on the Right Hand Who will be those on the Right Hand?

9 And those on the Left Hand, Who will be those on the Left Hand?
10. And those foremost will be foremost (in Paradise).

Shah Gohi this is what how I view Pakis.




Shahi-Gohi this verse is for you...
56. "So you will drink (that) like thirsty camels!" (boiling water).

Unfortunately Afghanistan has dirty neighbors non Aryan lower cast people who are opportunistic vultures, scavengers, a tent society who contributed nothing. Best not to mix, or associate with savages who lack culture, history or humanity... only if you have to deal business all else is unacceptable.

Khostai well done don't fall for the Israeli trap they want to claim anything and ask retribution for 50 years ask the Germans and Americans held hostage.

Theory of Croatian origin

The theory of Croatian origin traces the origin of the Croats to today's Afghanistan, more precisely in the area of Arachosia. This connection was at first drawn due to the similarity of Croatian (Croatia - Croatian: Hrvatska, Croats - Croatian: Hrvati / Čakavian dialect: Harvati / Kajkavian dialect: Horvati) and Arachosian name,but other researches indicate that there are also linguistic, cultural, agrobiological and genetic ties. Since Croatia became an independent state in 1991, the Iranian theory gained more popularity, and many scientific papers and books have been published


The name "Hrvati" is derived from the Avestan province "Harahvaiti" (Greek: "Arachosia".."The Croats of the Don, then had to come in ancient times from Iran. On a stone inscription of the King Darius (522-486 B.C.) the nation of the Haruavat-is appears among the 23 subject nations. The Persian sacred books of the Avesti (Vendidad) call that nation the Harahvaiti. The provinces settled by that nation encompassed in those times the southern half of modern south Afghanistan, the whole of Baluchistan and the eastern part of modern Iran. In that ancient province ought we to look for the paleo-fatherland of the modern Croats." (Mandic 1970, Chapter 1)

http://www.iranchamber.com/history/a...serbs_jats.php


Arachosia "white-India" where we get the name Indo-European

http://books.google.com/books?id=-He...0white&f=false

"Arachosia" is the Latinized form of Greek Ἀραχωσία - Arachōsíā. "The same region appears in the Avestan Vidēvdāt
in Old Persian inscriptions, the region is referred to as written h-r-vu-t-i.This form is the "etymological equivalent" of Vedic Sanskrit Sarasvatī-, the name of a (mythological) river literally meaning "rich in waters/lakes" and derived from sáras- "lake, pond."(cf. Aredvi Sura Anahita).

"Arachosia" was named after the name of a river that runs through it, in Greek Arachōtós, today known as the Arghandab, a left bank tributary of the Helmand

Arachosia bordered Drangiana to the west, Paropamisadae (i.e. Gandahara) to the north, a part of ancient India to the east, and Gedrosia (or Dexendrusi) to the south. Isidore and Ptolemy (6.20.4-5) each provide a list of cities in Arachosia, among them (yet another) Alexandria, which lay on the river Arachotus. This city is identified with present-day Kandahar in Afghanistan, the name of which derives (via "Iskanderiya") from "Alexandria",reflecting a connection to Alexander the Great's visit to the city on his campaign towards India. Isidore, Strabo (11.8.9) and Pliny (6.61) also refer to the city as "metropolis of Arachosia."

In his list, Ptolemy also refers

to a city named Arachotus (English: Arachote /ˈærəkoʊt/; Greek: Ἀραχωτός) or Arachoti (acc. to Strabo), which was the earlier capital of the land. Pliny the Elder and Stephen of Byzantium mention that its original name was Cophen (Κωφήν). Hsuan Tsang refers to the name as Kaofu. This city is identified today with Arghandab which lies northwest of present-day Kandahar.

The inhabitants of Arachosia were Iranian peoples, referred to as Arachosians or Arachoti.They were called Paktyans by ethnicity, and that name survives until today in the form of ethnic Pakhtuns / Pashtun tribes. Herodotus has mentioned the Afridi Pashtun tribe as Aparytae in the 1st millennium BC. Alexander's historians pronounced it as "Aspasii" in 330 BC and that may refer to the same Afridi tribe.
Isidorus of Charax in his 1st century CE "Parthian stations" itinerary described an "Alexandropolis, the metropolis of Arachosia", which he said was still Greek even at such a late time:

"Beyond is Arachosia. And the Parthians call this Pakhtara; there are the city of Biyt and the city of Pharsana and the city of Chorochoad and the city of Demetrias; then Alexandropolis, the metropolis of Arachosia; it is Greek, and by it flows the river Arachotus. As far as this place the land is under the rule of the Parthians."
—"Parthians stations", 1st century CE. Original text in paragraph 19 of Parthian stations

Ptolemy (6.20.3) mentions several tribes of Arachosia by name[citation needed], the Pargyetae (Greek: Παρ(γ)υῆται), and, to the south, the Sidri (Greek: Σίδροι), Rhoplutae (Ῥωπλοῦται), and Eoritae (Ἐωρῖται). Despite attempts to connect the Eoritae with the "Arattas" of the Mahabharata or with present day Aroras, who populated this land and migrated to India after partition[citation needed], the identity of these tribes is unknown, and even Ptolemy's orthography is disputed ("Pargyetae" is sometimes rewritten "Parsyetae" or "Aparytae").

http://reading.academia.edu/RachelMa..._and_Arachosia

http://www.livius.org/aj-al/alexandr...arachosia.html

[ډګروال]

Inappropriate for an "Arya" noble to associate with inferiors of lower cast.

Although Islam prohibits pride there is a caste system in Islam.. Three classes of people .

Pashtu as a language is closer to Avestan and origina Persians (Afghans) than middle age Dari or Farsi.

Qamar 54

5. Perfect wisdom but the preaching of warners benefit them not.

Waqiah 56

7. And you will be in three kinds.8.So those on the Right Hand Who will be those on the Right Hand?

9 And those on the Left Hand, Who will be those on the Left Hand?
10. And those foremost will be foremost (in Paradise).

Kohi this is what how I view Pakis.




Kohi this verse is for you...
56. "So you will drink (that) like thirsty camels!" (boiling water).

Unfortunately Afghanistan has dirty neighbors non Aryan lower cast people who are opportunistic vultures, scavengers, a tent society who contributed nothing. Best not to mix, or associate with savages who lack culture, history or humanity... only if you have to deal business all else is unacceptable.

Khostai well done don't fall for the Israeli trap they want to claim anything and ask retribution for 50 years ask the Germans and Americans held hostage.

Theory of Croatian origin

The theory of Croatian origin traces the origin of the Croats to today's Afghanistan, more precisely in the area of Arachosia. This connection was at first drawn due to the similarity of Croatian (Croatia - Croatian: Hrvatska, Croats - Croatian: Hrvati / Čakavian dialect: Harvati / Kajkavian dialect: Horvati) and Arachosian name,but other researches indicate that there are also linguistic, cultural, agrobiological and genetic ties. Since Croatia became an independent state in 1991, the Iranian theory gained more popularity, and many scientific papers and books have been published


The name "Hrvati" is derived from the Avestan province "Harahvaiti" (Greek: "Arachosia".."The Croats of the Don, then had to come in ancient times from Iran. On a stone inscription of the King Darius (522-486 B.C.) the nation of the Haruavat-is appears among the 23 subject nations. The Persian sacred books of the Avesti (Vendidad) call that nation the Harahvaiti. The provinces settled by that nation encompassed in those times the southern half of modern south Afghanistan, the whole of Baluchistan and the eastern part of modern Iran. In that ancient province ought we to look for the paleo-fatherland of the modern Croats." (Mandic 1970, Chapter 1)

http://www.iranchamber.com/history/a...serbs_jats.php


Arachosia "white-India" where we get the name Indo-European

http://books.google.com/books?id=-He...0white&f=false

"Arachosia" is the Latinized form of Greek Ἀραχωσία - Arachōsíā. "The same region appears in the Avestan Vidēvdāt
in Old Persian inscriptions, the region is referred to as written h-r-vu-t-i.This form is the "etymological equivalent" of Vedic Sanskrit Sarasvatī-, the name of a (mythological) river literally meaning "rich in waters/lakes" and derived from sáras- "lake, pond."(cf. Aredvi Sura Anahita).

"Arachosia" was named after the name of a river that runs through it, in Greek Arachōtós, today known as the Arghandab, a left bank tributary of the Helmand

Arachosia bordered Drangiana to the west, Paropamisadae (i.e. Gandahara) to the north, a part of ancient India to the east, and Gedrosia (or Dexendrusi) to the south. Isidore and Ptolemy (6.20.4-5) each provide a list of cities in Arachosia, among them (yet another) Alexandria, which lay on the river Arachotus. This city is identified with present-day Kandahar in Afghanistan, the name of which derives (via "Iskanderiya") from "Alexandria",reflecting a connection to Alexander the Great's visit to the city on his campaign towards India. Isidore, Strabo (11.8.9) and Pliny (6.61) also refer to the city as "metropolis of Arachosia."

In his list, Ptolemy also refers

to a city named Arachotus (English: Arachote /ˈærəkoʊt/; Greek: Ἀραχωτός) or Arachoti (acc. to Strabo), which was the earlier capital of the land. Pliny the Elder and Stephen of Byzantium mention that its original name was Cophen (Κωφήν). Hsuan Tsang refers to the name as Kaofu. This city is identified today with Arghandab which lies northwest of present-day Kandahar.

The inhabitants of Arachosia were Iranian peoples, referred to as Arachosians or Arachoti.They were called Paktyans by ethnicity, and that name survives until today in the form of ethnic Pakhtuns / Pashtun tribes. Herodotus has mentioned the Afridi Pashtun tribe as Aparytae in the 1st millennium BC. Alexander's historians pronounced it as "Aspasii" in 330 BC and that may refer to the same Afridi tribe.
Isidorus of Charax in his 1st century CE "Parthian stations" itinerary described an "Alexandropolis, the metropolis of Arachosia", which he said was still Greek even at such a late time:

"Beyond is Arachosia. And the Parthians call this Pakhtara; there are the city of Biyt and the city of Pharsana and the city of Chorochoad and the city of Demetrias; then Alexandropolis, the metropolis of Arachosia; it is Greek, and by it flows the river Arachotus. As far as this place the land is under the rule of the Parthians."
—"Parthians stations", 1st century CE. Original text in paragraph 19 of Parthian stations

Ptolemy (6.20.3) mentions several tribes of Arachosia by name[citation needed], the Pargyetae (Greek: Παρ(γ)υῆται), and, to the south, the Sidri (Greek: Σίδροι), Rhoplutae (Ῥωπλοῦται), and Eoritae (Ἐωρῖται). Despite attempts to connect the Eoritae with the "Arattas" of the Mahabharata or with present day Aroras, who populated this land and migrated to India after partition[citation needed], the identity of these tribes is unknown, and even Ptolemy's orthography is disputed ("Pargyetae" is sometimes rewritten "Parsyetae" or "Aparytae").

http://reading.academia.edu/RachelMa..._and_Arachosia

http://www.livius.org/aj-al/alexandr...arachosia.html

quit trolling you desperate dumbass.
why are you a wanna be pashtun?

we are not like you and your alexi the fag.

racist ****

[Apollyon]

One eye brown one eye green/gray

Alexander and Afghanistan

We fight wars with men – and with ghosts. When it comes to haunted battlefields, Afghanistan is second to none. The specters stretch backwards from the Soviets, who failed in Afghanistan in the 1970s, to the British who suffered there in the nineteenth century, and all the way to Alexander the Great, who conquered Afghanistan long ago but at a terrible cost.

Greek rulers survived for 150 years in Afghanistan, and Greek settlements lasted centuries more. For example, Kandahar – today a center of the American war effort – was once known by the magical name of Alexandria . . . Alexandria-in-Arachosia. But the Afghan war was not worth the price Alexander paid for it. He would have been better off staying in Iran and consolidating the huge empire that his army had already won, an empire that stretched from Egypt and Greece eastward.

www.barrystrauss.com/blog/?p=258

The Historian above could not have been more wrong, for it not for Alexander the entire region would have been savages.

[Shah-i-Kot]

^^ not only is Appolynon a wanna be Pashtun, he is also a wanna be Aryan too....

Buddy, Aryans are from Iran....

Our Pashtun forefathers also beat the Persians too, and like you they also started cooking up stories to insult us, by claiming that Ghiljay were Persian...

u fool, give it up....

[ډګروال]

One eye brown one eye green/gray

Alexander and Afghanistan

We fight wars with men – and with ghosts. When it comes to haunted battlefields, Afghanistan is second to none. The specters stretch backwards from the Soviets, who failed in Afghanistan in the 1970s, to the British who suffered there in the nineteenth century, and all the way to Alexander the Great, who conquered Afghanistan long ago but at a terrible cost.

Greek rulers survived for 150 years in Afghanistan, and Greek settlements lasted centuries more. For example, Kandahar – today a center of the American war effort – was once known by the magical name of Alexandria . . . Alexandria-in-Arachosia. But the Afghan war was not worth the price Alexander paid for it. He would have been better off staying in Iran and consolidating the huge empire that his army had already won, an empire that stretched from Egypt and Greece eastward.

www.barrystrauss.com/blog/?p=258

The Historian above could not have been more wrong, for it not for Alexander the entire region would have been savages.

wow posting another westerners written work about his the great faggot.
keep dreaming,racist ****.

no racists aloud in here.

[Apollyon]

Dirty you try to confuse.lol

Herat Citadel

Posted in The World's History on November 26, 2011 by mannaismayaadventure Herat Citadel

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia and others.

An inside view of the Qala Ikhtyaruddin (citadel) in Herat,Afghanistan.



The Citadel of Herat, also known as the Citadel of Alexander, and locally known as Qala Iktyaruddin, is located in the center of Herat in Afghanistan. It dates back to 330 BC, when Alexander the Great and his army arrived to what is now Afghanistan after the Battle of Gaugamela. Many empires have used it as a headquarters in the last 2,000 years, and was destroyed and rebuilt many times over the centuries.
This historic citadel was saved from demolition in the 1950s, and was excavated and restored by UNESCO between 1976 and 1979. From decades of wars and neglect, the citadel began to crumble but in recent years several international organizations decided to completely rebuild it. The National Museum of Herat is also housed inside the citadel, while the Afghan Ministry of Information and Culture is the caretaker of the whole premises.
History

Herat, in the fertile valley of Hari River (Hari Rud), was settled as early as the sixth century BC. A mound located to the north of the Old City, known as Kuhandazh may have been the site of the fort that Alexander the Great built in 330 BC following his conquest of the Achaemenidcity known as Artacoana or Aria. After the depart of Alexander, Herat was ruled by the Seleucids, Parthians, Kushans, Sasanians,Hephthalites, Umayyads, Tahirids, Saffarids, Samanids, Seljuk, Ghaznavids, and Ghurids.

An 1879 painting of Herat, the citadel is visible.



Located half a kilometer to the south of Kuhandaz and aligned with the cardinal axes, the walled city described by early Arab geographers had four gates leading into crossing commercial avenues and a square citadel (qal’a) adjoining the northern city wall. This citadel, which has been suggested as another possible site for Alexander’s fort, is known today as the famous Citadel of Herat. Herat thrived with the Silk Road trade from the Levant to India and China, and became an important city of the Ghurid dynasty in 1175. The city was destroyed entirely in 1221 by theMongol army and rebuilt by the Kartid governors who established their rule based in Herat by the mid-thirteenth century.

http://www.pbase.com/rlankenau/image/49142155
Kartid Amir Fakhr al-Din (reg. 1295-1308) in 1299/1300 reinforced the citadel’s towers, walls, ramparts and moat, and added a walled maidan to its west to serve as an open-air mosque (idgah). His successor Ghiyath al-Din (reg. 1308-1329) built two palaces inside the citadel to the east. The name Ikhtiyar al-Din, which refers to both the eastern and western enclosures, is thought to be the name or epithet of a Kartid amir or military commander. Destroyed a second time by Timur’s army (1380), the citadel was rebuilt after Shah Rukh (reg. 1405-1444) moved his capital to Herat and began a building campaign. He reinforced the citadel in stone and fired brick and covered its exterior with glazed tiles.

Shops next to the Citadel http://www.pbase.com/rlankenau/image/49142156
The citadel was used as a royal residence, treasury, prison and arsenal under the Hotaki dynasty/Durrani Empire in the 18th century. It suffered some damage during the Anglo-Afghan War in the 19th century. A modern citadel (Arg-e Herat) was built immediately to its north in the mid-19th century to take over its defensive function. The citadel was saved from demolition in the 1950s, and was excavated and restored by UNESCO between 1976 and 1979.It suffered more damages during the last decades of wars and neglect.
Recent restoration


A pathway inside the citadel in 2011



The citadel of Herat was completely renovated in the last five years. It consists of two walled enclosures. The latest restoration involved hundreds of Afghan craftsmen and funds from the Aga Khan Trust for Culture and about $2.4 million from the U.S. and German governments.

Citadel and City http://www.pbase.com/rlankenau/image/49142144
The older compound to the east, found filled with debris, was partially excavated to reveal two courtyard structures. It has a roughly rectangular plan measuring about eighteen by forty-two meters, and it is protected with thirteen semi-circular towers, including two flanking a west-facing gate. It is also known as the Upper Citadel, based on its elevated site, and is built of fired bricks.

The museum inside the citadel



The Kartid addition to the west, known as the Lower Citadel, has lower walls of baked brick and includes Timurid period military structures. Its polygonal plan measures about twenty-five by sixty meters with nine circular towers, of which six survive along the south and west walls. The tall Malik Tower on its western wall is thought to be named after a Kartid malik and retains segments of its Timurid glazed tile decoration, including parts of a Kufic inscriptive band.

http://www.pbase.com/rlankenau/image/49142145

http://mannaismayaadventure.com/2011/11/26/

[Shah-i-Kot]

^^^ wannabe Pashtun,.....Herat is a Tajik majority area.....non-Pashtuns....whose predecessors also had to be motivated by Pashtuns to act.... and this place was part of the Persian empire you fool...and didnt you have an ongoing war with the Persians for what ? 1000 years....nothing to be proud of really....

you can even google that to find out....

And that citadel by they way...even in that non-Pashtun area,,,,your Alexender ran as his army was getting destroyed....


Pashtuns chased this loser out like they chased Genghiz out, and all the other flamboyant Persian kings....

We defeated you, like we defeated the Perisians, Mongols, Indians, British, Russian...you Greeks are just a spec on that list....


Y

[Karachi]

that is not even greek architecture, how the hell would alexander build that? those types of buildings only came in the middle ages, not during alexanders time