Pashto Basic course discussion topic.

[Admin Khan]

My practice for Present Tense....till we start with past Tense....
Please correct the following...have used somethings new that i learned like weak possessive noun and future tense...please correct them to help me learn better...
Manana..

Asad daktar dey…..Asad is a doctor.

Hara wraz hagha roghantoon ta zee…everyday he goes to the hospital.

Oos hum hagha roghanton ta larh shey….now too he has gone to the hospital….

The Pashto word for hospital is not Roghantoon, its Roghtoon.

Oos hum hagha roghtoon ta wlarey.

Mor pa kor ki dey….mother is at home….

Zma mor pa kor ki da

Biya ba yaw ghanta na dama kawee….then she will rest for an hour..

Ghanta is not the Pashto word for hour, I believe its sa-at at least we use sa-at. Ghanta is used in Urdu.

Baba jaan khpl kamrey ki dama kawee….baba jaan is taking rest in his room..

In Pashto, we use ځاى ,خونه ،كوټه for room. Not Kamra. Kamra is again Urdu.

Da khat malgari ye da para dey awo pa pukhtu ki likaley dey….the letter is for his friend and is written in pashtu…..(tried to use weak possessive noun, ‘ye’)

I would have wrote it as, Da khat ye de malgarey da para dey aw pa Pashto ki likal sawey dey.

University ye kor la der nezey dey……Her university is very close to home..(tried to use weak possessive noun ‘ye’)

It should, Pohantoon tai kor NEZHDEY dey

Dodai yawadzay dodai khwree awo so waqt na tv goree…..they eat food together and watch tv for sometime….

If they eat together why did you write that they eat alone?
It should have been, Dodhai yawzay sara khorey oh bya da lazh waqt dapara tv goree.

[Badlun]

PAST INDEFINITE or SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Past indefinite tense/Simple Past Tense

This tense is quite complicated in Pashto. Therefor more concentration is required.

After reading the lesson please write your own sentences or a paragraph in Pashto with translation using Simple Past Tense


Please read the following sentences

I come< za razam <present indifinite tense

I have come <za raghalay yam <present perfect tense

I came < za raghlam <past indifinite tense

We see that the masdar ratlal to come takes diffrent shapes as razam, raghalay yam, and raghlam. The form raghalm is in Past indifinite tense

Some more examples of past indifinte tense

I wrote a letter <ma yaw khat oolikalo
we wrote letters <mong khatoona oolikal
he wrote a letter< hagha khat oolikalo
she wrote a letter< haghay khgat oolikalo
they wrote letters<haghoi khatoona oolikalo
you wrote a letter< ta khat oolikalo
you wrote leters < taso khatoona oolikal

oolikal may also be written and pronounced as walikalo

Other examples

masdar tlal to go

I went< za larham
we went <mong larhoo
he went< hagha larh
she went < hagha larha
they went < haghoi larhoo
you went < ta larhay
you went< tasoo larhai

Some questions general discussion

Question
I'm having a bit of problem with Past indefinite tense..

they wrote letters<haghoi khatoona oolikalo < shouldn't it be .. Haghoi khatoona uleekal?

And this one they went < haghoi larhoo.. can we also say it as > Haghoi larhal? This is the way we say it. Please explain


I ate food > ma dodai ukhwarha
He/she ate food > hagha dodai ukhwarha
We ate food > moong dodai ukhwarha
They ate food > haghoi dodai ukhwarha
You ate food > ta/taso dodai ukhwarha

Please tell me if my above sentences for Past indifinite tense are correct

Answers

ulikal and oolikalo
larhal and larho
both are correct . Here is a bit difference of dialect,accent and intonation. the last o shows stress which some Pashtuns express and some not .

The sentences are correct.

GRAMMAR IS ALWAYS BORING

Tenses are always the most difficult part of grammar but try to be perseverance. This is the most difficult stage in Pashto learning

Some more sentences in Past indefinite tense

masadar zda kawal to learn

I learnt Pashto ma pushtu zda krha
mong Pashto zda krha
hagha Pashto zda krha
haghayPashtozda krha
haghoi Pashto zda krha
ta Pashto zda krha
taso Pashto zda krha

I went to peshawar

za pekhawar/Peshawar ta larham
mong pekhawar ta larho
hagha pekhawar ta larh
hagha pekhawar ta larha
haghoi pekhawar ta larho
ta pekhawar ta larhay
taso pekhawar ta larhai

ta means to

I saw zeb >. maa zeb ukatalo/ukato/ulidalo/ukasalo(to see can be translated as lidal, katal or kasal. the last one is rare.Lidal is more common for To see while katal for To look)
I saw sanam > Maa sanam ukatala/ukata
I saw you > maa ta ukatalay/ukatay
I saw them > maa haghoi ukataloo/ukatal
I saw you (plural) Maa taso ukatalai/ukatai

Question

Please can someone help me out and translate these few things for me
(May be in Quetta accent)
I miss you
you are very sweet
you are my life
mine
yours
I am
you are


There is no big difference in Pashtoof Quetta and Peshawar. I know both the dialects or accents. Please read lesson no.1 in which I have explained the little difference .Basically the difference lies in two letters khin , ge in peshawar and shin , je in quetta for example your sentences can be translated as in red

I miss you za ta yadoom/za ta miss koom
you are very sweet ta khoog/khooj(in Quetta)ye
you are my life ta zama jwand ye
mine zama
yours sta
I am za yam
you are ta ye

PAST INDIFINITE TENSE
More examples

TO LOVE MINA KAWAL
I LOVED THAT PERSON TOO MUCH
MA DA DAGHA KAS SARAH DERA MINA UKRHA
mong da dagha kas sarah dera mina ukrha
hagha da dagha kas sarah dera mina ukrha
haghey da dagha kas sarah dera mina ukrha
haghoi da dagha kas sarah dera mina ukrha
ta da dagha kas sarah dera mina ukrha
taso da dagha kas sarah dera mina ukrha

Vocabulary

Parts of body . da wajood hisay/andamona
head <sar
hair< waikhta/shta
ear< ghwag/j
nose<pooza
mouth < khwla
teeth<ghakh/sh oona
lips<shoonday
gums<wrai
eyes<stargay
eyebrows<wrozay



EXPLANATION OF PAST INDIFINITE TENSE
WE HAVE TWO KINDS OF SENTENCES IN THIS TENSE

without object as< I went< zah larham
with object as <I watched movie< ma filam ukut , or ma dodai ukharha . or ma Peshawar ulid (here Peshawar is not object but a complement)

za larham, momng larhu, hagha larh, hagha larha, haghoi larhu, ta larhey, taso larhai

Here we see that endings of the verb change which depend on the subject not object

ma filam ukut, mong film ukut, hagha filam ukut, haghay aukut, haghoi filam ukut, ta filam ukut, taso filam ukut

Here endings are the same which depend on the object filam which is singular masculine noun

but ma filmona ukatal , mong filmona ukatal , hagha filmona ukatal etc here filmona is movies , plural
and ma dodai ukhwarha , mong dodai ukhwarha etc here dodai , food/meal is singular feminine noun

Also note that the pronoun zah changes to ma in sentences with object but other persons remain the same

Question
I tried my best to make a few sentencez in past indifinite tense in Pashto za<ma voleed or ma voleed ===== ta voleed =====aga/hagha voleed
mong voleed ============taso voleed =====agoi<haghoi voleed


Answer
der kha/sha
its all right , excellent
agha/aghoi may be written as hagha/haghoi although in spoken Pashto agha/aghoi are also correct
only ma volid not za volid as volid <saw< shows implicit/hidden object as we see some thing thus ma not za
za vlekl==========ta vlekl======aga vlekl
mong vlekl======taso vlekl======agoi vlekl
k!tty
correction ma ulikal or walikal or valikal

[spogmai shaglay]

i will take time to post anything related to past tense... especially past indefinite i find the most difficult... so please be patient with me...

[spogmai shaglay]

okz...so i am back,,,, read and re-read the lesson on Past Indefinite Tense

so its similar to Present Perfect Tense and unlike Present Indefinite where only the subject determines the berb endings .....
presence and absence of object determines the verb endings.....
i came.... za raghlam
we came....mong Raghloo
he came......hagha raghal?????
she came.....hagha raghla
they came.....haghoi rahaloo
you came...ta raghaley
you came...taso raghlai

i read a book......ma yaw kitab oolwalo
i read books....ma kitaboona oolwal

this "oo" has to be in the beginning of every verb?????????


ulikal and oolikalo
larhal and larho.....its mentioned in the lessonthat these both are correct but then in the sentences below,

I wrote a letter <ma yaw khat oolikalo
we wrote letters <mong khatoona oolikal
he wrote a letter< hagha khat oolikalo
she wrote a letter< haghay khgat oolikalo
they wrote letters<haghoi khatoona oolikalo

both are written seperately... one for singular and one for plural...could u clarify this.....

[Yousafzai Pakhtun]

okz...so i am back,,,, read and re-read the lesson on Past Indefinite Tense

so its similar to Present Perfect Tense and unlike Present Indefinite where only the subject determines the berb endings .....
presence and absence of object determines the verb endings.....
i came.... za raghlam
we came....mong Raghloo
he came......hagha raghal?????.(Hagha Raaghey)
she came.....hagha raghla
they came.....haghoi rahaloo (Haghoi Raghlal/raghla')
you came...ta raghaley
you came...taso raghlai

i read a book......ma yaw kitab oolwalo /(Olasto)
i read books....ma kitaboona oolwal/ulostal

this "oo" has to be in the beginning of every verb?????????(Not necessarily)


ulikal and oolikalo
larhal and larho.....its mentioned in the lessonthat these both are correct but then in the sentences below,

I wrote a letter <ma yaw khat oolikalo
we wrote letters <mong khatoona oolikal
he wrote a letter< hagha khat oolikalo
she wrote a letter< haghay khgat oolikalo
they wrote letters<haghoi khatoona oolikalo (Oleekal)

both are written seperately... one for singular and one for plural...You are right one should be used for singular and the other one for plural.....

Yousafzai

[spogmai shaglay]

i really dont know how to go about past indefinite tense.......every sentences i try to make islike present indefinite tense.....any hints or rules to follow?????

[spogmai shaglay]

i wore shalwar kameez,,,,ma partooq kamees achawal?????? will the masdar be as it is and not changed??????

i washed clothes.....ma jaamey weenz karha

i slept....za ooda krham???? and will change for all pronouns..

i laughed.....za khandal .....as zam changes to larham, larho, larh, larha,,,all masdar wont change... so waht will be the change here....please help....

[spogmai shaglay]

is anybody here to help??????????? Nokia, Yousafzai Pakhtun????

[gulmeena]

i wore shalwar kameez,,,,ma partug kamees waghundal
i washed clothes.....ma jaamey owinzaley
i slept....za odashom

i laughed.....ma okhandal
zama pa khyal khu da tol taki om dagha si wail kigi.nor ba peki masharan correction oki...

[spogmai shaglay]

i wore shalwar kameez,,,,ma partug kamees waghundal

ifi say....i wore a scarf.....ma yaw saadar waghundalo??????


i washed clothes.....ma jaamey owinzaley...why owinzaley andnot oweenzal as in waghundal and waghundaley??????
i slept....za odashom

i laughed.....ma okhandal
so okhandal will be for all prounouns???like you laughed.....ta okhandal

we laughed.....mong okhandalo???
zama pa khyal khu da tol taki om dagha si wail kigi.nor ba peki masharan correction oki...

Thanks Gulmeena...if u or anyboys else can solve this doubt too...

biya manana....


also i am confused with ...e.g..olikal, olikalo....both are used at different places.....olikalo when an object is present and is singular and olikal when there many objects (plural)....in the above post in the lesson two different things are mentioned for the same....

Yousafzai Pakhtun expalined...but i am not yet clear....

and i havent fond past tense in any books....from where i can take help...as i usually dooo.....

[Yousafzai Pakhtun]

hmmmm Olikal and Olikalo...
Consider the following sentences:
1. Maa(subject) khat(Object) olekalo(verb)(the object is singular)
2. Mung(Subject) Khat (Object) Olekalo (verb)
3. Mung(Subject) Kitaabuna(Object) Olekal (verb)(notice the object is plural)
4. Maa(Subject ) Kitabuna (Object) Olekal (verb)

From the above sentences it is clear that "Olekalo" can only be used when the object in the sentence is in singular form (as in the first two sentences)
and "Olekal" may be used in the sentences where the object is in plural form as it is in the last two sentences.

Heela laram che oss ba poey shawey ye......

Manana,
Yousafzai

[spogmai shaglay]

i took a bath.....
this will be different for all pronouns?????

i wore shalwar kameez.....ma shalwar kamees waghondal
and if i say,i wore a cap.....ma yawa topai waghondalo?????

i washed clothes....ma jaamey oweenzal or oweenzaley as mentioned by Gulmeena above???

i slept.....za ooda sham.... no object so it will be differemt for all propouns as in larham, larhoo, larh, larha, etc...

i laughed.....za okhandal.....no okhandalo because khandal and jarhal are taken a plural, as in present perfect tooo.....ma khandali dee, ma jarhali dee....

i cried.....za ?????? jarhal will be ojarhal???????

so in past indefinite tense,, the verb more or less is like the masdar but with an 'o' in the beginning....in cases such where the masdar changes from zam in prsent indefnite to larham in past indefinite...

Extremely sorry for delay inreply, was a little busy than usual....insha Allah will be regular now....

[Feroza_Banu]

i took a bath.....
this will be different for all pronouns?????

i wore shalwar kameez.....ma shalwar kamees waghondal
and if i say,i wore a cap.....ma yawa topai waghondalo?????

i washed clothes....ma jaamey oweenzal or oweenzaley as mentioned by Gulmeena above???

i slept.....za ooda sham.... no object so it will be differemt for all propouns as in larham, larhoo, larh, larha, etc...

i laughed.....za okhandal.....no okhandalo because khandal and jarhal are taken a plural, as in present perfect tooo.....ma khandali dee, ma jarhali dee....

i cried.....za ?????? jarhal will be ojarhal???????

so in past indefinite tense,, the verb more or less is like the masdar but with an 'o' in the beginning....in cases such where the masdar changes from zam in prsent indefnite to larham in past indefinite...

Extremely sorry for delay inreply, was a little busy than usual....insha Allah will be regular now....

I took a bath: ma wolaambal (laambal = taking bath, laambo= swim)

maa shalwar kameez waghostal (in Afghanistan it is said as "waghostal" not waghondal"...

aghostal = wear (verb) (wearing clothes)
pa sar kawal = wearing something on ur head
pa pkho kawal = (wearing shoes)

maa yawai khwalai pa sar krra (i put on a cap)
yawa khwalai me pa sar krra (khwalai = cap)

za ooda/beida/weida shwam (not sham)
za ooda sham = like u are asking a question from someone "can i sleep"
za ooda shwam = i slept

maa wokhaandal = i laughed
maa ojarral = i cried.

[Yousafzai Pakhtun]

i took a bath.....
this will be different for all pronouns?????

i wore shalwar kameez.....ma shalwar kamees waghondal
and if i say,i wore a cap.....ma yawa topai waghondalo?????

i washed clothes....ma jaamey oweenzal or oweenzaley as mentioned by Gulmeena above???

i slept.....za ooda sham.... no object so it will be differemt for all propouns as in larham, larhoo, larh, larha, etc...

i laughed.....za okhandal.....no okhandalo because khandal and jarhal are taken a plural, as in present perfect tooo.....ma khandali dee, ma jarhali dee....

i cried.....za ?????? jarhal will be ojarhal???????

so in past indefinite tense,, the verb more or less is like the masdar but with an 'o' in the beginning....in cases such where the masdar changes from zam in prsent indefnite to larham in past indefinite...

Extremely sorry for delay inreply, was a little busy than usual....insha Allah will be regular now....

I took a bath = Maa olambal
They took a bath = Haghvee olambal
She took a bath = Haghey olambal
We took a bath = Mung olambal (you are right "olambal" will be used for all)

I wore Shalwar Qameez= Maa partug qamees waaghustal/Wachawal (as Feroza Baano said Waaghundal is not correct word)

For Topay(cap) you can say Maa yawa Topay pa sara kra

I washed clothes== Maa jaamey ooweenzaley (not oweenzal) you can use "ooweenzal/ooweenzalo/ooweenzaley for different objects it depends on object.....there are no specific rules for this.....for example in the above sentence Jaamey is plural and we use Ooweenzaley but:
Maa laasoona owweenzal = I washed my hands (here also hands is plural but we use ooweenzal similarly I washed my handkerchief = maa khpal roomaal/roomyal ooweenzalo here we use ooweenzalo so it depends on the nature of sentence and that of an object)

I slept = za' oda' shom/shwam
They slept = haghvee ooda' shwal/shoo
She slept = Hagha ooda shwa
we slept = mung ooda' shoo

I laughed = Maa okhaandal
They laughed = haghvee okhaandal
She laughed = haghey okhaandal
We laughed = mung okhaandal

I cried = maa ojarhal
They cried = haghvee ojarhal
We cried = mung ojharal
She cried = haghey ojharal

[spogmai shaglay]

I took a bath = Maa olambal
They took a bath = Haghvee olambal
She took a bath = Haghey olambal
We took a bath = Mung olambal (you are right "olambal" will be used for all)

I wore Shalwar Qameez= Maa partug qamees waaghustal/Wachawal (as Feroza Baano said Waaghundal is not correct word)

For Topay(cap) you can say Maa yawa Topay pa sara kra

I washed clothes== Maa jaamey ooweenzaley (not oweenzal) you can use "ooweenzal/ooweenzalo/ooweenzaley for different objects it depends on object.....there are no specific rules for this.....for example in the above sentence Jaamey is plural and we use Ooweenzaley but:
Maa laasoona owweenzal = I washed my hands (here also hands is plural but we use ooweenzal similarly I washed my handkerchief = maa khpal roomaal/roomyal ooweenzalo here we use ooweenzalo so it depends on the nature of sentence and that of an object)

I slept = za' oda' shom/shwam
They slept = haghvee ooda' shwal/shoo
She slept = Hagha ooda shwa
we slept = mung ooda' shoo

I laughed = Maa okhaandal
They laughed = haghvee okhaandal
She laughed = haghey okhaandal
We laughed = mung okhaandal

I cried = maa ojarhal
They cried = haghvee ojarhal
We cried = mung ojharal
She cried = haghey ojharal

i have slept is za ooda shawi yam (present perfect)
i slept....za oda shom/swam
he slept....hagha ooda shaweee
you slept...ta ooda shwey
you (pl.) slept....taso ooda shwai
i sat on the table.....ma pa kursai nasta yam????? and will change for all pronouns are yoo, ye, yai, and so on?? or its going to be okenastalo???
i stood on the table....ma pa mez odredalo and if i dont mention mez and i say, i stood.....ma odredal???? and then will it change for all pronouns??/
i got up..... ma opasedalo..
please correct the above.....thanks...