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Dedication:
“My Dream of Pakhtunistan” is dedicated to all Pakhtuns (Pashtun) around the world, who have love for their homeland, culture and proud having identity of Pakhtun (Pashtun). My dedication is for those Pakhtuns who defend their Land and Identity, value Pashto Language and laws (Pashtunwalli) from the ancient time to this era and feel proud to show their real identity, not just in written words but through their actions. My dedication is for those Pashtun blood with respect to their mothers who fought for the peace for Pukhtunistan and are still fighting for the land belongs to Pakhtuns.
My special dedication is with high respect and love for Khan Abdul Wali Khan and Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan as well as to all respectable personality Qais Abdur Rashid khan, Ahmad Shah Abdali along with the great poets and history makers of Khyber.
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All my work is based on research and for the purpose with the request to every Pukhtun to be united and, to know about their ancestral (history) from where they belong to, about their identity, culture and what’s going on, on the land of Pukhtuns where they are living from centuries and how can they bring a good change for their survival and a peaceful life.
Every Individual or groups of people at any part of the world need love and respect for a peaceful life. Pakhtun people (as a community) are facing a lot of problem from centuries, for their land, in the field of education and now for their survival and indeed they need a big change for better future.
Physiologists believe that people can bring change in their behavior when they are confident and have will power to change it. Yes, it is true that change takes time, but Pakhtun people have to change their behavior and improve system of law on real bases to fulfill their needs. Life is a great blessing from God and human beings itself has to improve their lifestyle therefore a large number of Pukhtun people as a unit should support this change for good. I believe a man or group of people can take any step towards change when they have a strong believe that they really can, ‘If you think you can then you can, if you think you cannot then you are right’.
Ask you’re self, is it possible to bring change in the behavior of people as a Nation?
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This book Consist of three Parts
• Part one is about the origin and ancient History of Pukhtuns.
• Part two is related to Pukhtun people; their Characteristics, Language, Culture & lifestyle.
• Part three focus on the application of law for the better future of Pukhtunistan.
My arrival in London was..... in many parts of United Kingdom having same physical (body) structure and characteristics as we Pakhtuns people have, may be because of same Origin (Bani-Israel). Pashtuns friends from different parts of Pakistan were my friend but here in U.K, I met with more Afghani Pukhtuns as well, got a great chance to know more about Pukhtuns that live on the other side of Durand line.
In U.K; I inspire a lot with the U.K system of law that motivate me to research more on laws and its application. Research on different things is my hobby therefore I start writing in words to communicate and exchange my ideas. I keep on research and at last took decisi (Not a full version of Book)
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Part 1
Origin and ancient History of Pukhtuns
(Part one is about the origin and ancient History of Pukhtuns)
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Pakhtuns (Pashtuns)
Pakhtun, Pukhtun, Pashtun (or Pathan names given by other ethnic groups) are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and the second largest in Pakistan. In Afghanistan they are concentrated mainly in the south and east regions as well as in northern and western parts of the country as a minority group. In Pakistan majority of Pakhtuns lives in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa including Federally Administered Tribal Areas whereas in Punjab, Sindh and Baluchistan they live as minority group.
Pukhtunistan:
The regions/land (area) where Pakhtuns inhabited and lives since ancient time called as Pakhtunistan (Pashtunistan) means the "land of the Pakhtuns (Pashtuns)”.
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Ancient History
Aryans:
According to many historians from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD the region where the Pashtun people lived saw immense migrations of peoples from Central Asia and the Middle East. Most anthropologists believe that the Pashtuns appear to be primarily of Aryan descent as Persians, Kurds and Tajiks are. From the Pashto language and physical characteristics of Pashtuns it seems that they are from eastern Iranian origin.
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Encyclopedia of Islam:
According to the Encyclopedia of Islam, the Theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites when the twelve tribes of Israel were dispersed (Israel and Judah, Lost Ten Tribes), the tribe of Joseph among other Hebrew tribes settled in the region. Hence the term "Yusufzai" in Pukhtu (Pashto) translates to the ' sons of Joseph'; the Yusufzai are the 8th largest tribe of the Pashtuns. Other Pashtuns claim descent from Arabs and some groups such as the Afridis claim to be descended from Alexander the Great Greeks as well. What may be the case is that the Pashtuns have been modified by various invaders, while maintaining their eastern Iranian base both linguistically and genetically on the whole.
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Afghan = Pashtun = Lost tribes of Israel:
Afghans are Copts of the race of the Pharaohs; and that when the prophet Moses got the better of that infidel who was overwhelmed in the Red Sea, many of the Copts became converts to the Jewish faith; but others, stubborn and self-willed, refusing to embrace the true faith, leaving their country, came to India, and eventually settled in the Suleiman (Solomon) mountains, where they bore the name of Afghans (in the Book of Mutla-ul-Anwar)
The Pukhtuns are a predominantly Muslim people, native to Afghanistan and Pakistan, who adhere to their pre-Islamic indigenous religious code of honor and culture called as ‘Pashtunwalli' in Pashto language. The Yusufzai are a large group of Pukhtun tribes, ‘Yousuf zai’ means "Sons of Joseph”. There are alike names in other regions, such as the disputed land of Kashmir. A similarity between Jews and Pashtuns Physically, cultural and ethnic shows that Pakhtuns are descendent of Bani Israel (Son of Israel). In 2007 a Western journalist on visit to Afghanistan and Pakistan revealed that many currently active Pashtun traditions may have parallels with Jewish traditions. The code of Pashtunwalli is strikingly similar in content and subject matter to the Mosaic Law and the Hindu Code Manu Smriti.
In the book Taaqati-Nasiri (book corresponds to Pashtun historical records) stated that in 17th Century the people called the Bani Israel settled in Ghor, (southeast of Herat) Afghanistan, and then migrated south and east. These Bani Israel references are similar to the commonly held analysis by Pukhtuns that when the twelve tribes of Israel were dispersed, the tribe of Joseph, among other Hebrew tribes, settled in the region knows as 'Yusufzai'; also described extensively in great detail by Makhzan-i-Afghani, a historical work from the 17th Century by Nehamtullah (an official in the royal court of Mughal Emperor Jahangir) also narrated by an Iranian historian ‘Ferishta’.
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• Resemble the Jews:
The external appearance of the Pakhtuns resembles the Jews of the area. Together with their ancient customs and other data there is a definite connection that can be made to the Tribes of Israel.
• Jews of Afghanistan:
There are some Jews of Afghanistan today who count the Tribe of Israel among the Pakhtuns (Pathans). The physical similarity between the Pakhtuns and other Jews is exemplified by the British ruled Afghanistan for a great length of time and called the Pukhtun yahudi (Pathans Jews). When not wearing their traditional clothing Pakhtuns are indistinguishable from other Jews of the area. Among the 21 nations of Afghanistan only the Pakhtuns and the Jews have Semitic features, their faces are longer and lighter, and some even have blue eyes. Like the Jews of the area, Pakhtuns grow beards and side locks which further serve to make them indistinguishable from Jews.
• Book of ancient Jewish way of life:
The legal system which is known as Pashtunwalli, the law of the Pukhtun (Pashtu), is very similar to the Torah (Holiest Jewish book) the book of ancient Jewish way of life. There are pages and even complete books among the Pathans and they honor greatly what is called Tavrad El Sharif (the Torah of Moses).
• Wedding ceremony:
Pakhtuns and Jewish wedding are almost alike, especially those who follow ancient customs in their marriage ceremony. Wedding ceremony with the Pathans includes a marriage canopy and rings similar to the Jewish custom.
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• Laws regarding menstruation:
Pakhtuns women have law similar to the Jewish regarding menstruation. During this time and for seven days after, no contact is allowed with the husband. After this period, the woman immerses in a river or spring or in a bathhouse if a natural spring is not available. This is exactly the same as the Israeli tradition going back to the days of the Bible.
• Custom of levirate marriage:
Pakhtuns have custom of levirate marriage, which is the custom when a husband dies without children; his brother marries the widow to keep the name of the house. This custom no longer exists today in Jews, but was an ancient Israeli custom mentioned in the Bible (Deuteronomy 25:5-6)
• Tradition of honor to parent:
The commandment to honor one's parent is still part of these tribes even among modern days Pakhtuns and Jews both where the son must obey the parents in all matters. When the father enters the room all stand in his honor. This was an Israeli tradition as well.
• Yom Kippur:
Pakhtuns have custom of Yom Kippur. Some of the members of the Lewani Tribe came to the Jewish synagogue on Yom Kippur each year in Afghanistan. He would stay there until sundown without uttering even one word. He spoke of the tradition of the Temple on this day and of the high priest and his work there.
• Sprinkling of slaughter animal blood on the doorpost of homes:
At the time of plague the Pakhtuns people slaughter a sheep and sprinkle its blood on the doorpost of their homes. This is what the Israelites did in ancient Egypt during the plagues that occurred there where as it is still exist in Pakhtun people as well.
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• Family names of the Lost Tribes:
It is interesting to note that the Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) retain family names of the Lost Tribes such as Asher, Gad, Naphtali, Reuben, Manasseh and Ephraim. Among them there are people who are called by these names, which are of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. There are also people who are called Israel, Samuel, and so on, which are never found among the Muslims. There are also many areas as locations, neighborhoods and villages with names of places that are similar to names in the land of Israel. These scrolls are well preserved and some are written in gold on the skins of a doe. No less interesting and significant are the names of the tribes which bear close resemblance to the Tribes of Israel.
o The Rabbani Tribe is really Reuben
o The Yusefzai Tribe is sons of Joseph
o The Afridi Tribe is really Ephraim
o The Shinware Tribe is Shimon
o The Lewani Tribe is Levi
o The Daftani Tribe is Naphtali
o The Jaji Tribe is Gad
o The Ashuri Tribe is Asher.
These are the names of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. The Pathans themselves point out the differences between the original names of the tribes and their present names are because of the different dialects of the languages so that, for instance, Jaji was actually called Gaji for the tribe of Gad.
• Custom of circumcision on 8th day:
The Pakhtuns have custom of circumcision on the 8th day which is known as Jewish custom an oldest Jewish tradition. Muslims have custom of circumcision but it is not on the 8th day, and usually at the age of 12.
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• Four cornered garment:
Pakhtuns have a sort of small Tallit called Kafan which is a four cornered garment, they tie strings similar to the fringes (Jews call them Tzitzit) and is one of the oldest Jewish traditions going back to the Torah and it is a sign of their Israeli origin. They also have bigger Tallit which they call Joy-Namaz. It is a garment 2-3 meters sq., and it is made to cover the head and part of the shoulders, and is used for prayer by spreading on the ground in the Muslim fashion. It has no outer edge.
• Food:
Most of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) do not eat horse or camel meat, which is most common in their area but of course forbidden to Jews. There is some evidence to their not eating meat and milk together which an ancient Israeli tradition as well. And they have a tradition regarding differentiating between pure and impure birds which means permitted and not permitted birds similar to the Torah.
• Shield of David:
The symbol of Shield of David (Star of David) can be seen in towers, in schools and also in tools, bracelets, and jewelry. I saw it on Trucks with Shield of David and Fish (as a sig. In Minerajan, the centers of Afghanistan, there are even schools that have the Shield of David on the door or in the stone above the door.
Watch video on YouTube ‘Afghan = Pashtun = Lost tribes of Israel’
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Pakhtuns as Afghans identity:
Since the Middle Ages and early modern time "Afghan" has been used as a synonym for Pashtun, while the native name for the ethnic group remain ‘Pakhtun’ or ‘Pashtun’. Khushal Khan Khattak also wrote in one of the Pukhtu (Pashto) poetry: ‘Pull out your sword and slay any one, who says Pakhtun and Afghan are not one! Arabs know this and so do Romans: Afghans are Pakhtuns, Pakhtuns are Afghans!’
But the fact is all Pakistani or all Afghanis are not Pakhtuns. A Pakhtun is a Pakhtun either in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Afghanistan, Europe, America, Arab or Australia; who proud to have title of being called as a Pakhtun (Pashtun or Pathan)
3rd Century:
The history of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) is related to Afghanistan recorded during the Achaemenid Empire around 330 BC with the arrival of Alexander the Great and his Greek army after conquering Persia. In the 3rd century CE, Sassanid referred to a tribe called Abagân and in Persian Abagân is the same as Sanskrit Avagan, being referred to in the writings of Varaha Mihira, a highly developed degree of urbanization and culture had existed on the land called as the state of Afghanistan for many thousands of years. The nation of Afghanistan was mentioned by the following names in history as Ariana, Arachosia, and Khorasan.
6th Century:
Around 580 B.C, Nebuchadnezzar brought Jews in captivity to Babylonia until Cyrus, the King of Persia, attacked Babylonia, freed the Jews, and allowed them to return to Jerusalem. So, Cyrus didn't send the Jews captives to Ghor but rather to Jerusalem. However, Babylon did also conquer Assyria, where the Ten Tribes had been exiled to decades before. After that, Babylon was conquered by Cyrus of Persia. So if Babylon achieved jurisdiction over them that way, that would credibly explain how they were exiled originally by Assyrians, yet the Pakhtuns' (Pashtuns) story depicts them being ruled by Babylonians, and then by Cyrus of Persia.
7th Century:
In 629 A.D a Chinese pilgrim, Xuanzang, visited the eastern Afghanistan and gave the term ‘A-po-kien’ mentions about Afghans in Zhob, "Afġān" is the term by which the Persian-speakers of Afghanistan. The Arabic Afgan is an adaptation of the Prakritic form Avagana, as first used by in Brhat Saṃhiā in 6th century CE. In 642 AD, Arabs had conquered most of Persia and then invaded Afghanistan from the western city of Herat, introducing the religion of Islam as they entered new cities.
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10th Century:
The name Afghan is believed to be in an Arabic form for the first time in the book ‘’Hudud ul-'alam in 10th Century, derives from a Sanskrit tribal name, Asvaka. The ethno Afghan referred to the territory inhabited by Pashtun tribes south of the Hindu Kush and was later adopted by the Pashtun-dominated kingdoms of Kabul.
14th Century:
Ibn Battuta, a famous Moroccan traveler, visiting Kabul in 1333 AD writes; ‘We traveled on to Kabul, formerly a vast town, the site of which is now occupied by village inhabited by a tribe of Persians called Afghans. They hold mountains and defiles and possess considerable strength, and are mostly highwaymen’.
17th to 18th Century (Ahmed Shah Durrani):
The Pashtuns are intimately tied (related) to the history of modern-era Afghanistan. In 1747 the country's founder, Ahmad Shah Durrani, a Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) established a state, we know it today as Afghanistan.” The Pashtuns would rule it for the next 200 years”. After the assassination of Nader Shah Afshar, he became the Amir of that area commonly know as Khorasan at that time.
Durand Line (19th Century):
In 1893 Durand Line Agreement was established, an agreement for the western border between British India and Afghan government. The Pashtuns/Afghans fought both the British and Russians to a standstill during the Great Game.
International community on Pak-Afghan Border:
The international community recognizes the Durand line as the Pak-Afghan border after the independence of Pakistan in 1947, but successive Afghan rulers have strongly rejected its legitimacy. This dispute has caused turbulence in relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Durand line has created greater problems with regard to the Pashtun nationalism from 1893 and still problem has not been solved.
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Why Durand Line was established?
Durand Line was established for the "Great Game”. It was established after the 1893 between the Government of colonial British India and Afghan Government, name after Henry Mortimer Durand, the Foreign Secretary of British India at the time.
Why the Durand Line was exploited in 1980?
The Durand Line was exploited to launch the Afghan Jihad against the Soviets in the 1980s. The area in which the border runs has been inhabited by ethnic Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) tribes (since at least the time of Alexander the Great in 330 BC)
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Durand Line and Anglo-Afghan Wars: The Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) area (known as the "Pashtunistan" region) became part of the Ghaznavid Empire in the 10th century followed by the Ghurids, Timurids, Mughal and Durrani. During the First Anglo-Afghan War, British-Indian forces reached deep into the Pashtun area and began war with the Afghan rulers. Two years later, in 1842, a large number of British-Indian forces were massacred and the war ended. The British again invaded Afghanistan in 1878, during the Second Anglo-Afghan War, but withdrew after a couple of years later. Mortimer Durand was deputed to Kabul in 1893 by the government of British India for the purpose of obtaining an agreement from Amir Abdur Rahman Khan to mark the boundary between Afghanistan and British India On November 12, 1893, Abdur Rahman Khan and Mortimer Durand agreed to go ahead with marking a boundary line between Afghanistan and British India. The resulting Durand Line Agreement or Durand Line Treaty would ensure the carving out of a new province North West Frontier Province (NWFP) now called as Khyber Pukhtunkhwa currently part of Pakistan and includes FATA and Frontier Regions.
1942 (Afghanistan role and attempts):
During the 1942 Cripps mission, and 1946 Cabinet Mission to India, the Afghan government made repeated attempts to ensure that any debate about the independence of India must include Afghanistan's role in the future of the NWFP. The British government wavered between reassuring the Afghan to the rejection of their role and insistence that NWFP was an integral part of British India.
After 1947 and Mountbatten refusal:
After 1947 the issue of the Durand Line became more sensitive, just before it was decided to hold referendum in North West Frontier Province (NWFP) the then Chief Minister of the Province who was heading a Congress Ministry as well made frantic efforts to have a third option of an independent Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) State be included in the proposed referendum but Mountbatten refused. Despite the fact that Nehru once admitted to Mountbatten quite candidly that NWFP could not possibly stand by itself, the Congress Committee of the NWFP along with the Red Shirts (National Awami Party) at that time passed a resolution for the establishment of a Free Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) State and asked the Central Committee to influence Mountbatten, This became known, at least in Kabul, as the "Pashtunistan" policy, and it had the effect of alienating Afghanistan and its new neighbor, Pakistan. At that time on official Afghan maps, the Durand Line was marked as disputed where as the issue of "Pashtunistan" has brought Afghanistan and Pakistan to the brink of war on more than one occasion, and drained Afghanistan's political and real economy.
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====>>> ( This is not full version of the book, waiting give your comments and suggestion )
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Part 2
Pukhtanu (Pakhtuns):
(Part two is related to Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people; their Characteristics, Language, Culture & lifestyle)
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Pakhtu Language:
Intro:
Pakhtu also known as, Pashto, Pukhto, Pushtu, Afghani or Pathani, is an Indo-European language spoken primarily in Afghanistan and western Pakistan as well as it is an official and national language of Afghanistan.
History:
The background of Pakhto poetry is about five hundred years old. According to attainable documents, the Pakhto language has been spoken for the last two thousand five hundred (2500) years.
The prominent Afghan researcher Abdul Hai Habibi stated, it is a proven fact that Pakhto (Pashto) was spoken some two thousand five hundred years ago. According to the Pata Khazana adopted from ‘Larghonai Tariekh’ as well as the Tarikh-e Suris and their predecessors spoke Pakhto (Pashto). Before and since the rise of Islam, numerous volumes of political, social and ethical literatures were produced in Pakhto shows Pashto language is approximately five hundred years old. The socio-political poem of Amir Kuror Jehan Pahlawan around 139 Hejira, indicates his maturity of the Pakhto (Pashto) poetry. This shows that people were writing Pakhto (Pashto) poetry in the first century AD. There were many literary works written in Pakhto before the 12th century.
It is important to mention that the Islamic conquerors destroyed most of these literary works in the early years. The famous Pata Khazana encyclopedia shows the growth of Pakhto (Pashto) language and culture. The migration of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns)s in different directions and their acquaintance with other cultures and societies forced them to learn reading and writing and therefore literacy became part of their daily life.
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Pakhtu (Pashto) Vocabulary:
Traces of the history of Pakhtu (Pashto) are present in its vocabulary. While the majority of words can be traced to Pashtu’s roots as member of the Eastern Iranian language branch, also borrowed words from adjacent languages for over two thousand years. The oldest borrowed words are from Greek, and few traces of contact with Zoroastrians and Buddhists. Starting in the Islamic period, Pashto borrowed many words from Arabic and Persian. Due to its close geographic proximity to languages of the Indian sub-continent, Pashto has borrowed words from Indian languages for centuries. Pukhtu or Pashto has long been recognized as an important language in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Classical Pashto was the object of study by British soldiers and administrators in the nineteenth century and the classical grammar in use today dates from that period.
In 1936, Pukhtu (Pashto was made the national language of Afghanistan by royal decree. Today, Dari and Pashto both are official national languages.
Pashto language in 21st century:
Today Pukhtu (Pashto) language is spoken by millions of people around the world but there are few who know Pukhtu (Pashto) language as a whole. In Pakistan it has been mixed with more and les Urdu words whereas in Afghanistan Pukhtu (Pashto) has borrow some word from Farsi and some other languages spoken in different parts of Afghanistan.
Early Pashto poetry:
Pashto is not only the name of a language, but it comprises all traditions, norms and values of the Pashtun people. As for history of Pashto language is concerned, it comprises thousands of years, but we can find the proper written Pashto poetry in 139 Hijri. However, it does not mean that before this there was no poetry. Poetry existed, but not in a proper written form. Poets usually did poetry orally and then they and their followers and fans memorized the work. Beginning of written poetry: The formal writing of Pashto poetry started from the poem written by Hakim Amir Crore of Ghor, Afghanistan in 139 Hijri. This poem was included and hence saved in one of the first books of Pashto, Pata Khazana means Hidden Treasure.
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Pashto speakers around the world:
Pakistan, Afghanistan, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Canada, India, United States, Australia, Japan, Malaysia and in many different parts of the world Pakhtu speaker (Pakhtun) lives where they proud to be called as Pakhtun (Pukhtanu)
Dialects and regional accent:
There are many accents of the Pukhtu (Pashto) language. The two main dialects are soft or southern accent and hard or northern dialect.
Southern Abdali (Kandahar, Zabul)
Southeastern (in Quetta)
Central Waneci (Harnai, Sinjawi)
Central Marwat (in Laki)
Central Khattak (in Karak)
Central Banucei (in Banu)
Central Wazirwola (in Waziristan)
Central Khostwola (in Khost)
Central Dzadran (in Dzadran, Paktia)
Central Afridi (in Tirah, Jamrud)
Northwestern (in Ghazni, Logar)
Northwestern Wardak (Wardak)
Northwestern (Central Ghilzai)
Northern (in Nangarhar, Kabul)
Northeastern (Yusufzai, Peshawar .......... (not a full version of this book)
read Part 3
My Dream of Pukhtunistan
(Part three focus on the application of law for the better future of Pukhtunistan)
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Reason behind Pukhtunistan (Land belongs to Pukhtuns):
Third part is the core element of this book, provide logical reasons with solution about the dream (believe) about the future for the Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people on their land, Pukhtunistan.
The development of modern industrial states (nationalist interest groups):
Time has witness a lot of changes in the world map. The development and conceptualization of all the nations on the map of the world is related to the development of modern industrial states and nationalist movements mostly in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. These nations’ (and nationalists who support independent state); relate their past to the historical sequence of events, language and Culture.
England means land of English people, Bangladesh means land of Bengalis, Poland means land where Polish people lives, Tajikistan means land belongs to Tajiks, Thailand means land where Thai people lives, China represents Chinese, Iran represents Iranians, Germany represents Germans, Turkey represents Turks, Brazil represents Brazilians and so on. Most of countries/states/regions in the world represent majority of people from same ethnic group and living as a Nation, we have big example of Jews demand for the state of Israel.
Nation defines as: “A group of people who share common history, culture, language and ethnic origin, often possessing or seeking its own government”.
Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are a nation share common history, culture, language and ethnic origin as a
Nation but they don’t possess (hold) its own government (State) to represent Pashtun people in the world.
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Voice of a Pukhtun:
A Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) from any part of the world from Afghanistan to Pakistan or vice versa, most of people around the world called him a Terrorist or consider him Taliban and the reason behind these names is West and Media. The word Taliban is not a bad word, if we translate this (Pukhtu) Pashto word into English language it means “Students” but western Media is attacking Pakhtun (Pashtun) people, even Pakistani and Afghan media support them which is prevailing hatred among each others. In any part of Pakistan or Afghanistan whether it is Waziristan, F.A.T.A, Swat, Mardan, Kabul, Kandahar, Peshawar, Quetta, Province of Punjab, Sindh or Baluchistan; Common Pakhtun (Pashtun) is facing difficulty to live in Peace. Now Pukhtuns are living in many parts of the world, whether it is U.S, Japan, Europe, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia or any Arab countries, from labors to PhD Doctors, Surgeons, engineers and other professionals working in different multinational companies. Yes, these Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are living as Musafar and Majority of these Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people travel or migrate in search of livelihood and to complete their education and the numbers of these Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people is increasing day by day. Where as in both countries whether we know about Pakistan or Afghanistan, at one side Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) have been killing in the name of religion and on the other side they are been targeted for money and the blood shedding of innocent Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) is still on the land where they are living.
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Psychological effect through Media:
Just by wearing pent shirt and speaking few words of English doesn’t mean educated and sophisticated but a psychological effect of Media on a common Pukhtun, who just know to follow and don’t research nor study; why a common Pukhtun take certain action and follow.
A psychological effect has been bombarded on people through Media and Politics about Eastern Countries especially about Afghanistan and Pakistan that they are underdeveloped countries and under threat in which West and European countries is playing big role. Most of people especially Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people consider west, especially Europe a Place of Heaven (Jannah). But they don’t focus on the main reason that is Rule of law, and never experience what a common Pukhtun face here.
Dream of a Modern Pukhtunistan (Rule of law):
Every Human being need and wish to be a happy and peaceful life with love and respect and it is only possible when every thing in that region is well organized under the rule of applicable law.
Kofi Annan, former Secretary General of the United Nations, “A developed region is one that allows all its citizens to enjoy a free and healthy life in a safe environment." And a free and healthy safe environment is possible only by application of law to provide just for its citizens.
Application of law is the core element to live peaceful and happy life for each individual therefore it is necessary to know about law and its major factors (elements) that effect individual and society as a whole.
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Law:
‘Law is a system of rules, usually enforced through a set of institutions which shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a primary social intermediary of relations between people’.
Law and its connection with the development of Civilizations:
The history of law is closely connected to the development of civilization. The most intact copy of these stelae was discovered in the 19th century, and has since been translated into various languages, including English, German, and French.
Roman law and its connection with European Court of Justice:
Roman law was heavily influenced by Greek philosophy, but its detailed rules were developed by professional jurists. During the time of rise and decline of the Roman Empire, law was adapted to cope with the changing social situations.
Nationalism in 18th and 19th Century:
As nationalism grew in the 18th and 19th centuries, Lex Mercatoria was incorporated into countries' local law under new civil codes. Then French Napoleonic Code and the German became the most influential.
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Now EU law is codified in treaties, but develops through the precedent laid down by the Justice. Rule of law (practically applied by law institutes) has enable Europe to develop its social, economic and education system compare to under develop countries.
Application of Law and relation with Economic development:
Application of law is the core element for a peaceful and happy society. In the Develop countries the initial formula to live a happy and peaceful life is application of law in their regions.
"The rule of law is better than the rule of any individual” (Aristotle)
In the 18th century Adam Smith presented a philosophical foundation for explaining the strong relationship between law and economics. From Macro Economic point of view, the rotation of money between the rich and poor enables a society to boom its economy, and in other words lead to the modern societies, which directs towards more and more research base institutes, hospitals, industries, applied technology to provide healthy and peaceful life style. Money in rotation let a common human being to work hard and providing rights to these individuals makes them happy to live a peaceful life.
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Rule of law in Pukhtunistan:
I saw a dream
And try hard alone
Now I can see
All are with me.
The rule of Law is possible in Pukhtunistan because it is indeed need of every individual human being. For this purpose the core elements (factors) of law should be practically applied as adopted by develop countries such as United Kingdom (Europe).
European law system and applied technology is not a new thing for a human being and its application on real basis will take sometime (decades) but it is possible as well. Change for good is the need on the lands of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) and these changes are not impossible on the land where Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are living but a psychological effect of wrong
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Different types of laws which can be applied on the land of Pukhtunistan are
• Contract law
Contract law includes regulation of everything like from buying a bus ticket to trading on derivatives markets. It is possible where Pukhtuns are living as shown in Pictures taken in London.
Application of these technologies on the land of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people is possible only when the gurus (who has experience and researched on these subjects) related to IT and Business field has a network under organization to work on it. These technologies are not a new invention but will take some time, money, labour and IT engineers under Rule of law.
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Traffic system:
Traffic system of United Kingdom is one of the best in the European countries and the best example is London; where rule of law is strictly applied on each citizen. One can see the difference on the roads of Peshawar and London.
A change for good is already a part of traffic system in most some areas of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and in Kabul which shows that these technologies are not a new thing for human being and can be applied in future as well.
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Per hour wages::
Per hour wages (wages/week) is a need of every student who wants to live an independent life, as applied by develop countries like Europe; this law is applicable on the land of Pukhtunistan as well; to keep students busy in their life and to live their own livelihood with responsibilities.
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All other laws which should be strictly applied are;
• Property law
Property laws Includes providing rights related to the transfer of property which must be applied accurately to avoid civil disorder. Today thousands of Families on the land of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are facing big problem because of not having rule of law related to their person..........
pics not available (not a full version of this book)
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• Trust law: include all the assets held for investment and financial security.
Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) living in all around the world including Europe, U.S, Australia, Japan, Malaysia, Russia and all Arab countries are ready for investment in their own cities (land) whether in Peshawar or in Kabul, but due to law and order situation they are not ready to invest in their own regions.
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• Constitutional law: include creation of law, the protection of human rights and the election of political representatives.
Application of constitution law is only possible when Political leaders are chosen on the basis of the fundamental political principles by establishing the structure and procedures of powers and duties, of a government . By limiting the government's own reach, most constitutions guarantee certain rights to the people. The term constitution can be applied to any overall system of law that defines the functioning of a government, including several un codified historical constitutions that existed before the development of modern codified constitutions
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• Administrative laws includes the decisions of government agencies in areas such as in police law, international trade, manufacturing, the environment, taxation, broadcasting, immigration and transport which plays a big role for society to live in peace and to regulate the increasingly complex social, economic and political spheres of human interaction.
Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) living in other parts of the world knows and follow administrative laws by knowing its importance to live a civilized life compare to undeveloped states (regions). They should try their best to apply these laws in their own region (Pukhtunistan) to have a better future not only for their self but for the next generation as well.
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• Criminal law includes regulating the society under law and to impose restrictions on society that physically prevents people from committing a crime.
Criminal law has been a big issue for Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people where the rich one and the landlord illegally misuse their power against the poor ones, that’s the reason why Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) common man is not being capable to do his/her best for the society for not having equal rights against those who has power (authority).
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• Labour law has never been applied on the land of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) to provide just to labors.
Labour law provides equal rights under a law for individual workers to Executive, employer to employee, trade union to the industrialist to solve problems like job security, health and safety and minimum wage.
• Human rights, civil rights and human rights law are the ones that Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people should focus on by applying it practically through administrative law to guarantee each Pukhtun basic rights for his survival and freedom to live a peaceful life
• Civil procedure, criminal procedure law and Social Security law must be followed strictly by the Pashtuns. Thousands of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) family is facing a lot of problems in absence of laws. There is no Social security at all to provide rights to Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people like having insurance and jobseekers' allowances as well as housing benefits, which is applied in western (developed) countries
• Family laws such as marriage and divorce proceedings, the rights of children and rights to property and money in the event of separation are part of Pukhtun people lifestyle but still need a lot more improvement.
(No more pics, not a full version)
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Education system:
Schools, Colleges and madrasaas included primary and secondary both are organized institutions to teach student (mostly teen agers) under the supervision of teachers. These institutions are primary step in a child life to get proper education and acquire knowledge before university life. In most of these institutions especially in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and in other regions where Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are inhabited, there is lack of School, Colleges and Madrasaas to have appropriate primary and secondary level education.
• In most regions of Pukhtunistan these schools are not up to standards.
• Rata (learning by heart without understanding) is common in small children.
The reason behind the Rata system is lack of proper syllabus as well as not having authorized, well-established organization to guide them properly which is ruining life of a child. Students and Youth rights are part of civil rights which should be provided for each individual because these children are units (or base) to have a strong Nation.
There should be more universities in Pukhtunistan. For this purpose Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) from all over the world should have to take part in establishing well organize institutes, research foundations and universities. There should be availability of teachers for these Pukhtuns students for higher education (from universities around the world). A virtual network is needed where these teachers interact with students to share their experiences in the particulate fields and professions. More manageable time tables are needed for the participation of more and more students including those who cannot afford to have higher education but wish to have a professional degree in their life.
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Military force of Pukhtunistan
Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) military force exists since the existence of Pukhtuns given different name in different eras. Pukhtun forces fought against Europeans (in the time of Alexander). Then in Afghan wars these Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) were used against U.S.S.R. Now U.S and N.A.T.O has occupied their land in the name of terrorism and Taliban. These Pashtun people have no other option but to fight for peace on their land. A large number of Pukhtun Military forces are holding major position in both Pakistan and Afghanistan states.
(MORE DETAILS ARE NOTHERE, NOT A FULL VERSION ..)
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Pakhtuns (Pashtuns), one Nation, one unit:
Pakhtuns (Pashtuns)s have to be united from a soldier to a Major, from a worker to an executive, from a labour to PhD degree holders, doctors, engineers (in IT field), all Pukhtuns have to be united including those who are playing big roles in media whether they are Pukhtun Politicians, artists or other expertise related to different professions.
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Civil society of Pukhtunistan:
Classical republican concept of "civil society" dates back to Hobbes and Locke. Locke saw civil society as people who have "a common established law and judicature to appeal to, with authority to decide controversies between them. German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel distinguished the "state" from "civil society. Hegel believed that civil society and the state were polar opposites, within the scheme of his dialectic theory of history. Nowadays in post-modern theory civil society is necessarily a source of law, by being the basis from which people form opinions and lobby for what they believe law should be.One of its primary modern sources is found in the responses of ordinary men and women, and of the non-governmental organizations which many of them support, to the human rights abuses they see on the television screen in their living rooms. Freedom of speech, freedom of association and many other individual rights allow people to gather, discuss, criticize and hold to account their governments, from which the basis of a deliberative democracy is formed. The more people are involved with, concerned by and capable of changing how political power is exercised over their lives, the more acceptable and legitimate the law becomes to the people. The most familiar institutions of civil society include economic markets, profit-oriented firms, families, trade unions, hospitals, universities, schools, charities, debating clubs, non-governmental organizations, neighborhoods, churches, and religious associations.
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Brief history of Khyber (The heart of Pukhtunistan):
British Invasion:
In some versions of the Aryan migration theory, the Indo-Aryans migrated to India through the Khyber Pass. Recorded invasions through Khyber begin with the conquests of Darius I and in the time of Alexander and it include later Muslim invasions of South Asia, culminating with the establishment of the Mughul Empire (1526) The British invaded Afghanistan from India and fought three Afghan Wars in 1839-42, 1878-80, and 1919.
George Molesworth, a member of the British force of 1919, summarized: "Every stone in the Khyber has been soaked in blood." Rudyard Kipling called it "a sword cut through the mountains."
Khyber as Pukhtuns identity:
Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people since ancient time either living in Afghanistan or in Pakistan or any part of the world, Khyber has always been heart of Pukhtunistan. As majority of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are Muslims, As a Muslims they are living in Afghanistan and in Pakistan, but they wish and try for a separate homeland for Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) and the fact is they could have Pakhtunistan with their own laws and code of honor Pashtunwali.
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Afghanistan, Pakistan and Pukhtunistan:
The Pukhtunistan with its own boundaries on the map of world doesn’t mean it separation from Pakistan and Afghanistan. Afghanistan and Pakistan are states on the map of the world and with in both states there is land where Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are living since ancient time, Pukhtuns called this land as Pukhtunistan mean Land where Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are inhabited. Both Pakistani and Afghani are Muslims and they will never dislike having Pashtunistan as a state with their own boundaries on the map of the world while keep united with Pakistan and Afghanistan borders as United States of central Asia (USC), which will help both of countries to resolve many issues between both the countries including Pak Afghan Border (Durand Line).
Pakistan and Afghanistan both are Islamic states (Muslim majority States) and Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) in majority are also Muslims who love to live between Pakistanis and Afghanis with their own identity and own state between Afghanistan and Pakistan as Pukhtunistan same as we know about United Kingdom (The Great Britain)
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How it is possible to apply and regulate Rule of law in the presence of law and security forces (like Police) in the region?
Under the power and Authority given by Government, Organize units of ARC will watch over these Law and Security agencies while to be in contact with Common Citizen for feedback.
What is ARC Organization?
ARC organization should have power provided by the government to initiate, regulate and manage applied rule of law on real basis with feedback from common citizen to government.
Division of ARC law organization:
• Law Activator (in contact with law agencies):
An organize unit to plan and activate (to initiate) rule of law in different part of the regions while in contact with Law agencies (Police).
• Law Regulator (in contact with common citizen):
An organize unit to make it sure that rule of law is applied regular on Daily basis while in contact with common citizen.
• Law Controller (report to government and law agencies):
An organize unit who will be in charge to manage control and give report back to Government and law agencies on weekly basis.
Division of ARC Security organization:
• Security Activator (in contact with law agencies):
An organize unit to activate rule of law in different part of the regions while in contact with Security agencies
• Security Regulator (in contact with common citizen):
An organize unit to make it confirm that people in the particular region is secure while in contact with common citizen.
• Security Controller (report to government and security agencies):
An organize unit who will be in charge to manage its control over security while in contact with Government agencies to report on weekly basis.
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THIS IS NOT FULL VERSION (not translated in Pashto or any other language)
FOR ANY QUESTION, MISTAKE, COMMENT OR SUGGESTION ..
skype id "usfkhan01"
mail: usfkhan01@gmail.com
fbook: yousufkhan yousufzai
“My Dream of Pakhtunistan” is dedicated to all Pakhtuns (Pashtun) around the world, who have love for their homeland, culture and proud having identity of Pakhtun (Pashtun). My dedication is for those Pakhtuns who defend their Land and Identity, value Pashto Language and laws (Pashtunwalli) from the ancient time to this era and feel proud to show their real identity, not just in written words but through their actions. My dedication is for those Pashtun blood with respect to their mothers who fought for the peace for Pukhtunistan and are still fighting for the land belongs to Pakhtuns.
My special dedication is with high respect and love for Khan Abdul Wali Khan and Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan as well as to all respectable personality Qais Abdur Rashid khan, Ahmad Shah Abdali along with the great poets and history makers of Khyber.
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All my work is based on research and for the purpose with the request to every Pukhtun to be united and, to know about their ancestral (history) from where they belong to, about their identity, culture and what’s going on, on the land of Pukhtuns where they are living from centuries and how can they bring a good change for their survival and a peaceful life.
Every Individual or groups of people at any part of the world need love and respect for a peaceful life. Pakhtun people (as a community) are facing a lot of problem from centuries, for their land, in the field of education and now for their survival and indeed they need a big change for better future.
Physiologists believe that people can bring change in their behavior when they are confident and have will power to change it. Yes, it is true that change takes time, but Pakhtun people have to change their behavior and improve system of law on real bases to fulfill their needs. Life is a great blessing from God and human beings itself has to improve their lifestyle therefore a large number of Pukhtun people as a unit should support this change for good. I believe a man or group of people can take any step towards change when they have a strong believe that they really can, ‘If you think you can then you can, if you think you cannot then you are right’.
Ask you’re self, is it possible to bring change in the behavior of people as a Nation?
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This book Consist of three Parts
• Part one is about the origin and ancient History of Pukhtuns.
• Part two is related to Pukhtun people; their Characteristics, Language, Culture & lifestyle.
• Part three focus on the application of law for the better future of Pukhtunistan.
My arrival in London was..... in many parts of United Kingdom having same physical (body) structure and characteristics as we Pakhtuns people have, may be because of same Origin (Bani-Israel). Pashtuns friends from different parts of Pakistan were my friend but here in U.K, I met with more Afghani Pukhtuns as well, got a great chance to know more about Pukhtuns that live on the other side of Durand line.
In U.K; I inspire a lot with the U.K system of law that motivate me to research more on laws and its application. Research on different things is my hobby therefore I start writing in words to communicate and exchange my ideas. I keep on research and at last took decisi (Not a full version of Book)
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Part 1
Origin and ancient History of Pukhtuns
(Part one is about the origin and ancient History of Pukhtuns)
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Pakhtuns (Pashtuns)
Pakhtun, Pukhtun, Pashtun (or Pathan names given by other ethnic groups) are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and the second largest in Pakistan. In Afghanistan they are concentrated mainly in the south and east regions as well as in northern and western parts of the country as a minority group. In Pakistan majority of Pakhtuns lives in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa including Federally Administered Tribal Areas whereas in Punjab, Sindh and Baluchistan they live as minority group.
Pukhtunistan:
The regions/land (area) where Pakhtuns inhabited and lives since ancient time called as Pakhtunistan (Pashtunistan) means the "land of the Pakhtuns (Pashtuns)”.
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Ancient History
Aryans:
According to many historians from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD the region where the Pashtun people lived saw immense migrations of peoples from Central Asia and the Middle East. Most anthropologists believe that the Pashtuns appear to be primarily of Aryan descent as Persians, Kurds and Tajiks are. From the Pashto language and physical characteristics of Pashtuns it seems that they are from eastern Iranian origin.
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Encyclopedia of Islam:
According to the Encyclopedia of Islam, the Theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites when the twelve tribes of Israel were dispersed (Israel and Judah, Lost Ten Tribes), the tribe of Joseph among other Hebrew tribes settled in the region. Hence the term "Yusufzai" in Pukhtu (Pashto) translates to the ' sons of Joseph'; the Yusufzai are the 8th largest tribe of the Pashtuns. Other Pashtuns claim descent from Arabs and some groups such as the Afridis claim to be descended from Alexander the Great Greeks as well. What may be the case is that the Pashtuns have been modified by various invaders, while maintaining their eastern Iranian base both linguistically and genetically on the whole.
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Afghan = Pashtun = Lost tribes of Israel:
Afghans are Copts of the race of the Pharaohs; and that when the prophet Moses got the better of that infidel who was overwhelmed in the Red Sea, many of the Copts became converts to the Jewish faith; but others, stubborn and self-willed, refusing to embrace the true faith, leaving their country, came to India, and eventually settled in the Suleiman (Solomon) mountains, where they bore the name of Afghans (in the Book of Mutla-ul-Anwar)
The Pukhtuns are a predominantly Muslim people, native to Afghanistan and Pakistan, who adhere to their pre-Islamic indigenous religious code of honor and culture called as ‘Pashtunwalli' in Pashto language. The Yusufzai are a large group of Pukhtun tribes, ‘Yousuf zai’ means "Sons of Joseph”. There are alike names in other regions, such as the disputed land of Kashmir. A similarity between Jews and Pashtuns Physically, cultural and ethnic shows that Pakhtuns are descendent of Bani Israel (Son of Israel). In 2007 a Western journalist on visit to Afghanistan and Pakistan revealed that many currently active Pashtun traditions may have parallels with Jewish traditions. The code of Pashtunwalli is strikingly similar in content and subject matter to the Mosaic Law and the Hindu Code Manu Smriti.
In the book Taaqati-Nasiri (book corresponds to Pashtun historical records) stated that in 17th Century the people called the Bani Israel settled in Ghor, (southeast of Herat) Afghanistan, and then migrated south and east. These Bani Israel references are similar to the commonly held analysis by Pukhtuns that when the twelve tribes of Israel were dispersed, the tribe of Joseph, among other Hebrew tribes, settled in the region knows as 'Yusufzai'; also described extensively in great detail by Makhzan-i-Afghani, a historical work from the 17th Century by Nehamtullah (an official in the royal court of Mughal Emperor Jahangir) also narrated by an Iranian historian ‘Ferishta’.
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• Resemble the Jews:
The external appearance of the Pakhtuns resembles the Jews of the area. Together with their ancient customs and other data there is a definite connection that can be made to the Tribes of Israel.
• Jews of Afghanistan:
There are some Jews of Afghanistan today who count the Tribe of Israel among the Pakhtuns (Pathans). The physical similarity between the Pakhtuns and other Jews is exemplified by the British ruled Afghanistan for a great length of time and called the Pukhtun yahudi (Pathans Jews). When not wearing their traditional clothing Pakhtuns are indistinguishable from other Jews of the area. Among the 21 nations of Afghanistan only the Pakhtuns and the Jews have Semitic features, their faces are longer and lighter, and some even have blue eyes. Like the Jews of the area, Pakhtuns grow beards and side locks which further serve to make them indistinguishable from Jews.
• Book of ancient Jewish way of life:
The legal system which is known as Pashtunwalli, the law of the Pukhtun (Pashtu), is very similar to the Torah (Holiest Jewish book) the book of ancient Jewish way of life. There are pages and even complete books among the Pathans and they honor greatly what is called Tavrad El Sharif (the Torah of Moses).
• Wedding ceremony:
Pakhtuns and Jewish wedding are almost alike, especially those who follow ancient customs in their marriage ceremony. Wedding ceremony with the Pathans includes a marriage canopy and rings similar to the Jewish custom.
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• Laws regarding menstruation:
Pakhtuns women have law similar to the Jewish regarding menstruation. During this time and for seven days after, no contact is allowed with the husband. After this period, the woman immerses in a river or spring or in a bathhouse if a natural spring is not available. This is exactly the same as the Israeli tradition going back to the days of the Bible.
• Custom of levirate marriage:
Pakhtuns have custom of levirate marriage, which is the custom when a husband dies without children; his brother marries the widow to keep the name of the house. This custom no longer exists today in Jews, but was an ancient Israeli custom mentioned in the Bible (Deuteronomy 25:5-6)
• Tradition of honor to parent:
The commandment to honor one's parent is still part of these tribes even among modern days Pakhtuns and Jews both where the son must obey the parents in all matters. When the father enters the room all stand in his honor. This was an Israeli tradition as well.
• Yom Kippur:
Pakhtuns have custom of Yom Kippur. Some of the members of the Lewani Tribe came to the Jewish synagogue on Yom Kippur each year in Afghanistan. He would stay there until sundown without uttering even one word. He spoke of the tradition of the Temple on this day and of the high priest and his work there.
• Sprinkling of slaughter animal blood on the doorpost of homes:
At the time of plague the Pakhtuns people slaughter a sheep and sprinkle its blood on the doorpost of their homes. This is what the Israelites did in ancient Egypt during the plagues that occurred there where as it is still exist in Pakhtun people as well.
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• Family names of the Lost Tribes:
It is interesting to note that the Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) retain family names of the Lost Tribes such as Asher, Gad, Naphtali, Reuben, Manasseh and Ephraim. Among them there are people who are called by these names, which are of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. There are also people who are called Israel, Samuel, and so on, which are never found among the Muslims. There are also many areas as locations, neighborhoods and villages with names of places that are similar to names in the land of Israel. These scrolls are well preserved and some are written in gold on the skins of a doe. No less interesting and significant are the names of the tribes which bear close resemblance to the Tribes of Israel.
o The Rabbani Tribe is really Reuben
o The Yusefzai Tribe is sons of Joseph
o The Afridi Tribe is really Ephraim
o The Shinware Tribe is Shimon
o The Lewani Tribe is Levi
o The Daftani Tribe is Naphtali
o The Jaji Tribe is Gad
o The Ashuri Tribe is Asher.
These are the names of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. The Pathans themselves point out the differences between the original names of the tribes and their present names are because of the different dialects of the languages so that, for instance, Jaji was actually called Gaji for the tribe of Gad.
• Custom of circumcision on 8th day:
The Pakhtuns have custom of circumcision on the 8th day which is known as Jewish custom an oldest Jewish tradition. Muslims have custom of circumcision but it is not on the 8th day, and usually at the age of 12.
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• Four cornered garment:
Pakhtuns have a sort of small Tallit called Kafan which is a four cornered garment, they tie strings similar to the fringes (Jews call them Tzitzit) and is one of the oldest Jewish traditions going back to the Torah and it is a sign of their Israeli origin. They also have bigger Tallit which they call Joy-Namaz. It is a garment 2-3 meters sq., and it is made to cover the head and part of the shoulders, and is used for prayer by spreading on the ground in the Muslim fashion. It has no outer edge.
• Food:
Most of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) do not eat horse or camel meat, which is most common in their area but of course forbidden to Jews. There is some evidence to their not eating meat and milk together which an ancient Israeli tradition as well. And they have a tradition regarding differentiating between pure and impure birds which means permitted and not permitted birds similar to the Torah.
• Shield of David:
The symbol of Shield of David (Star of David) can be seen in towers, in schools and also in tools, bracelets, and jewelry. I saw it on Trucks with Shield of David and Fish (as a sig. In Minerajan, the centers of Afghanistan, there are even schools that have the Shield of David on the door or in the stone above the door.
Watch video on YouTube ‘Afghan = Pashtun = Lost tribes of Israel’
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Pakhtuns as Afghans identity:
Since the Middle Ages and early modern time "Afghan" has been used as a synonym for Pashtun, while the native name for the ethnic group remain ‘Pakhtun’ or ‘Pashtun’. Khushal Khan Khattak also wrote in one of the Pukhtu (Pashto) poetry: ‘Pull out your sword and slay any one, who says Pakhtun and Afghan are not one! Arabs know this and so do Romans: Afghans are Pakhtuns, Pakhtuns are Afghans!’
But the fact is all Pakistani or all Afghanis are not Pakhtuns. A Pakhtun is a Pakhtun either in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Afghanistan, Europe, America, Arab or Australia; who proud to have title of being called as a Pakhtun (Pashtun or Pathan)
3rd Century:
The history of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) is related to Afghanistan recorded during the Achaemenid Empire around 330 BC with the arrival of Alexander the Great and his Greek army after conquering Persia. In the 3rd century CE, Sassanid referred to a tribe called Abagân and in Persian Abagân is the same as Sanskrit Avagan, being referred to in the writings of Varaha Mihira, a highly developed degree of urbanization and culture had existed on the land called as the state of Afghanistan for many thousands of years. The nation of Afghanistan was mentioned by the following names in history as Ariana, Arachosia, and Khorasan.
6th Century:
Around 580 B.C, Nebuchadnezzar brought Jews in captivity to Babylonia until Cyrus, the King of Persia, attacked Babylonia, freed the Jews, and allowed them to return to Jerusalem. So, Cyrus didn't send the Jews captives to Ghor but rather to Jerusalem. However, Babylon did also conquer Assyria, where the Ten Tribes had been exiled to decades before. After that, Babylon was conquered by Cyrus of Persia. So if Babylon achieved jurisdiction over them that way, that would credibly explain how they were exiled originally by Assyrians, yet the Pakhtuns' (Pashtuns) story depicts them being ruled by Babylonians, and then by Cyrus of Persia.
7th Century:
In 629 A.D a Chinese pilgrim, Xuanzang, visited the eastern Afghanistan and gave the term ‘A-po-kien’ mentions about Afghans in Zhob, "Afġān" is the term by which the Persian-speakers of Afghanistan. The Arabic Afgan is an adaptation of the Prakritic form Avagana, as first used by in Brhat Saṃhiā in 6th century CE. In 642 AD, Arabs had conquered most of Persia and then invaded Afghanistan from the western city of Herat, introducing the religion of Islam as they entered new cities.
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10th Century:
The name Afghan is believed to be in an Arabic form for the first time in the book ‘’Hudud ul-'alam in 10th Century, derives from a Sanskrit tribal name, Asvaka. The ethno Afghan referred to the territory inhabited by Pashtun tribes south of the Hindu Kush and was later adopted by the Pashtun-dominated kingdoms of Kabul.
14th Century:
Ibn Battuta, a famous Moroccan traveler, visiting Kabul in 1333 AD writes; ‘We traveled on to Kabul, formerly a vast town, the site of which is now occupied by village inhabited by a tribe of Persians called Afghans. They hold mountains and defiles and possess considerable strength, and are mostly highwaymen’.
17th to 18th Century (Ahmed Shah Durrani):
The Pashtuns are intimately tied (related) to the history of modern-era Afghanistan. In 1747 the country's founder, Ahmad Shah Durrani, a Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) established a state, we know it today as Afghanistan.” The Pashtuns would rule it for the next 200 years”. After the assassination of Nader Shah Afshar, he became the Amir of that area commonly know as Khorasan at that time.
Durand Line (19th Century):
In 1893 Durand Line Agreement was established, an agreement for the western border between British India and Afghan government. The Pashtuns/Afghans fought both the British and Russians to a standstill during the Great Game.
International community on Pak-Afghan Border:
The international community recognizes the Durand line as the Pak-Afghan border after the independence of Pakistan in 1947, but successive Afghan rulers have strongly rejected its legitimacy. This dispute has caused turbulence in relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Durand line has created greater problems with regard to the Pashtun nationalism from 1893 and still problem has not been solved.
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Why Durand Line was established?
Durand Line was established for the "Great Game”. It was established after the 1893 between the Government of colonial British India and Afghan Government, name after Henry Mortimer Durand, the Foreign Secretary of British India at the time.
Why the Durand Line was exploited in 1980?
The Durand Line was exploited to launch the Afghan Jihad against the Soviets in the 1980s. The area in which the border runs has been inhabited by ethnic Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) tribes (since at least the time of Alexander the Great in 330 BC)
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Durand Line and Anglo-Afghan Wars: The Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) area (known as the "Pashtunistan" region) became part of the Ghaznavid Empire in the 10th century followed by the Ghurids, Timurids, Mughal and Durrani. During the First Anglo-Afghan War, British-Indian forces reached deep into the Pashtun area and began war with the Afghan rulers. Two years later, in 1842, a large number of British-Indian forces were massacred and the war ended. The British again invaded Afghanistan in 1878, during the Second Anglo-Afghan War, but withdrew after a couple of years later. Mortimer Durand was deputed to Kabul in 1893 by the government of British India for the purpose of obtaining an agreement from Amir Abdur Rahman Khan to mark the boundary between Afghanistan and British India On November 12, 1893, Abdur Rahman Khan and Mortimer Durand agreed to go ahead with marking a boundary line between Afghanistan and British India. The resulting Durand Line Agreement or Durand Line Treaty would ensure the carving out of a new province North West Frontier Province (NWFP) now called as Khyber Pukhtunkhwa currently part of Pakistan and includes FATA and Frontier Regions.
1942 (Afghanistan role and attempts):
During the 1942 Cripps mission, and 1946 Cabinet Mission to India, the Afghan government made repeated attempts to ensure that any debate about the independence of India must include Afghanistan's role in the future of the NWFP. The British government wavered between reassuring the Afghan to the rejection of their role and insistence that NWFP was an integral part of British India.
After 1947 and Mountbatten refusal:
After 1947 the issue of the Durand Line became more sensitive, just before it was decided to hold referendum in North West Frontier Province (NWFP) the then Chief Minister of the Province who was heading a Congress Ministry as well made frantic efforts to have a third option of an independent Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) State be included in the proposed referendum but Mountbatten refused. Despite the fact that Nehru once admitted to Mountbatten quite candidly that NWFP could not possibly stand by itself, the Congress Committee of the NWFP along with the Red Shirts (National Awami Party) at that time passed a resolution for the establishment of a Free Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) State and asked the Central Committee to influence Mountbatten, This became known, at least in Kabul, as the "Pashtunistan" policy, and it had the effect of alienating Afghanistan and its new neighbor, Pakistan. At that time on official Afghan maps, the Durand Line was marked as disputed where as the issue of "Pashtunistan" has brought Afghanistan and Pakistan to the brink of war on more than one occasion, and drained Afghanistan's political and real economy.
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====>>> ( This is not full version of the book, waiting give your comments and suggestion )
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Part 2
Pukhtanu (Pakhtuns):
(Part two is related to Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people; their Characteristics, Language, Culture & lifestyle)
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Pakhtu Language:
Intro:
Pakhtu also known as, Pashto, Pukhto, Pushtu, Afghani or Pathani, is an Indo-European language spoken primarily in Afghanistan and western Pakistan as well as it is an official and national language of Afghanistan.
History:
The background of Pakhto poetry is about five hundred years old. According to attainable documents, the Pakhto language has been spoken for the last two thousand five hundred (2500) years.
The prominent Afghan researcher Abdul Hai Habibi stated, it is a proven fact that Pakhto (Pashto) was spoken some two thousand five hundred years ago. According to the Pata Khazana adopted from ‘Larghonai Tariekh’ as well as the Tarikh-e Suris and their predecessors spoke Pakhto (Pashto). Before and since the rise of Islam, numerous volumes of political, social and ethical literatures were produced in Pakhto shows Pashto language is approximately five hundred years old. The socio-political poem of Amir Kuror Jehan Pahlawan around 139 Hejira, indicates his maturity of the Pakhto (Pashto) poetry. This shows that people were writing Pakhto (Pashto) poetry in the first century AD. There were many literary works written in Pakhto before the 12th century.
It is important to mention that the Islamic conquerors destroyed most of these literary works in the early years. The famous Pata Khazana encyclopedia shows the growth of Pakhto (Pashto) language and culture. The migration of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns)s in different directions and their acquaintance with other cultures and societies forced them to learn reading and writing and therefore literacy became part of their daily life.
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Pakhtu (Pashto) Vocabulary:
Traces of the history of Pakhtu (Pashto) are present in its vocabulary. While the majority of words can be traced to Pashtu’s roots as member of the Eastern Iranian language branch, also borrowed words from adjacent languages for over two thousand years. The oldest borrowed words are from Greek, and few traces of contact with Zoroastrians and Buddhists. Starting in the Islamic period, Pashto borrowed many words from Arabic and Persian. Due to its close geographic proximity to languages of the Indian sub-continent, Pashto has borrowed words from Indian languages for centuries. Pukhtu or Pashto has long been recognized as an important language in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Classical Pashto was the object of study by British soldiers and administrators in the nineteenth century and the classical grammar in use today dates from that period.
In 1936, Pukhtu (Pashto was made the national language of Afghanistan by royal decree. Today, Dari and Pashto both are official national languages.
Pashto language in 21st century:
Today Pukhtu (Pashto) language is spoken by millions of people around the world but there are few who know Pukhtu (Pashto) language as a whole. In Pakistan it has been mixed with more and les Urdu words whereas in Afghanistan Pukhtu (Pashto) has borrow some word from Farsi and some other languages spoken in different parts of Afghanistan.
Early Pashto poetry:
Pashto is not only the name of a language, but it comprises all traditions, norms and values of the Pashtun people. As for history of Pashto language is concerned, it comprises thousands of years, but we can find the proper written Pashto poetry in 139 Hijri. However, it does not mean that before this there was no poetry. Poetry existed, but not in a proper written form. Poets usually did poetry orally and then they and their followers and fans memorized the work. Beginning of written poetry: The formal writing of Pashto poetry started from the poem written by Hakim Amir Crore of Ghor, Afghanistan in 139 Hijri. This poem was included and hence saved in one of the first books of Pashto, Pata Khazana means Hidden Treasure.
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Pashto speakers around the world:
Pakistan, Afghanistan, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Canada, India, United States, Australia, Japan, Malaysia and in many different parts of the world Pakhtu speaker (Pakhtun) lives where they proud to be called as Pakhtun (Pukhtanu)
Dialects and regional accent:
There are many accents of the Pukhtu (Pashto) language. The two main dialects are soft or southern accent and hard or northern dialect.
Southern Abdali (Kandahar, Zabul)
Southeastern (in Quetta)
Central Waneci (Harnai, Sinjawi)
Central Marwat (in Laki)
Central Khattak (in Karak)
Central Banucei (in Banu)
Central Wazirwola (in Waziristan)
Central Khostwola (in Khost)
Central Dzadran (in Dzadran, Paktia)
Central Afridi (in Tirah, Jamrud)
Northwestern (in Ghazni, Logar)
Northwestern Wardak (Wardak)
Northwestern (Central Ghilzai)
Northern (in Nangarhar, Kabul)
Northeastern (Yusufzai, Peshawar .......... (not a full version of this book)
read Part 3
My Dream of Pukhtunistan
(Part three focus on the application of law for the better future of Pukhtunistan)
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Reason behind Pukhtunistan (Land belongs to Pukhtuns):
Third part is the core element of this book, provide logical reasons with solution about the dream (believe) about the future for the Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people on their land, Pukhtunistan.
The development of modern industrial states (nationalist interest groups):
Time has witness a lot of changes in the world map. The development and conceptualization of all the nations on the map of the world is related to the development of modern industrial states and nationalist movements mostly in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. These nations’ (and nationalists who support independent state); relate their past to the historical sequence of events, language and Culture.
England means land of English people, Bangladesh means land of Bengalis, Poland means land where Polish people lives, Tajikistan means land belongs to Tajiks, Thailand means land where Thai people lives, China represents Chinese, Iran represents Iranians, Germany represents Germans, Turkey represents Turks, Brazil represents Brazilians and so on. Most of countries/states/regions in the world represent majority of people from same ethnic group and living as a Nation, we have big example of Jews demand for the state of Israel.
Nation defines as: “A group of people who share common history, culture, language and ethnic origin, often possessing or seeking its own government”.
Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are a nation share common history, culture, language and ethnic origin as a
Nation but they don’t possess (hold) its own government (State) to represent Pashtun people in the world.
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Voice of a Pukhtun:
A Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) from any part of the world from Afghanistan to Pakistan or vice versa, most of people around the world called him a Terrorist or consider him Taliban and the reason behind these names is West and Media. The word Taliban is not a bad word, if we translate this (Pukhtu) Pashto word into English language it means “Students” but western Media is attacking Pakhtun (Pashtun) people, even Pakistani and Afghan media support them which is prevailing hatred among each others. In any part of Pakistan or Afghanistan whether it is Waziristan, F.A.T.A, Swat, Mardan, Kabul, Kandahar, Peshawar, Quetta, Province of Punjab, Sindh or Baluchistan; Common Pakhtun (Pashtun) is facing difficulty to live in Peace. Now Pukhtuns are living in many parts of the world, whether it is U.S, Japan, Europe, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia or any Arab countries, from labors to PhD Doctors, Surgeons, engineers and other professionals working in different multinational companies. Yes, these Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are living as Musafar and Majority of these Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people travel or migrate in search of livelihood and to complete their education and the numbers of these Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people is increasing day by day. Where as in both countries whether we know about Pakistan or Afghanistan, at one side Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) have been killing in the name of religion and on the other side they are been targeted for money and the blood shedding of innocent Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) is still on the land where they are living.
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Psychological effect through Media:
Just by wearing pent shirt and speaking few words of English doesn’t mean educated and sophisticated but a psychological effect of Media on a common Pukhtun, who just know to follow and don’t research nor study; why a common Pukhtun take certain action and follow.
A psychological effect has been bombarded on people through Media and Politics about Eastern Countries especially about Afghanistan and Pakistan that they are underdeveloped countries and under threat in which West and European countries is playing big role. Most of people especially Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people consider west, especially Europe a Place of Heaven (Jannah). But they don’t focus on the main reason that is Rule of law, and never experience what a common Pukhtun face here.
Dream of a Modern Pukhtunistan (Rule of law):
Every Human being need and wish to be a happy and peaceful life with love and respect and it is only possible when every thing in that region is well organized under the rule of applicable law.
Kofi Annan, former Secretary General of the United Nations, “A developed region is one that allows all its citizens to enjoy a free and healthy life in a safe environment." And a free and healthy safe environment is possible only by application of law to provide just for its citizens.
Application of law is the core element to live peaceful and happy life for each individual therefore it is necessary to know about law and its major factors (elements) that effect individual and society as a whole.
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Law:
‘Law is a system of rules, usually enforced through a set of institutions which shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a primary social intermediary of relations between people’.
Law and its connection with the development of Civilizations:
The history of law is closely connected to the development of civilization. The most intact copy of these stelae was discovered in the 19th century, and has since been translated into various languages, including English, German, and French.
Roman law and its connection with European Court of Justice:
Roman law was heavily influenced by Greek philosophy, but its detailed rules were developed by professional jurists. During the time of rise and decline of the Roman Empire, law was adapted to cope with the changing social situations.
Nationalism in 18th and 19th Century:
As nationalism grew in the 18th and 19th centuries, Lex Mercatoria was incorporated into countries' local law under new civil codes. Then French Napoleonic Code and the German became the most influential.
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Now EU law is codified in treaties, but develops through the precedent laid down by the Justice. Rule of law (practically applied by law institutes) has enable Europe to develop its social, economic and education system compare to under develop countries.
Application of Law and relation with Economic development:
Application of law is the core element for a peaceful and happy society. In the Develop countries the initial formula to live a happy and peaceful life is application of law in their regions.
"The rule of law is better than the rule of any individual” (Aristotle)
In the 18th century Adam Smith presented a philosophical foundation for explaining the strong relationship between law and economics. From Macro Economic point of view, the rotation of money between the rich and poor enables a society to boom its economy, and in other words lead to the modern societies, which directs towards more and more research base institutes, hospitals, industries, applied technology to provide healthy and peaceful life style. Money in rotation let a common human being to work hard and providing rights to these individuals makes them happy to live a peaceful life.
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Rule of law in Pukhtunistan:
I saw a dream
And try hard alone
Now I can see
All are with me.
The rule of Law is possible in Pukhtunistan because it is indeed need of every individual human being. For this purpose the core elements (factors) of law should be practically applied as adopted by develop countries such as United Kingdom (Europe).
European law system and applied technology is not a new thing for a human being and its application on real basis will take sometime (decades) but it is possible as well. Change for good is the need on the lands of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) and these changes are not impossible on the land where Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are living but a psychological effect of wrong
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Different types of laws which can be applied on the land of Pukhtunistan are
• Contract law
Contract law includes regulation of everything like from buying a bus ticket to trading on derivatives markets. It is possible where Pukhtuns are living as shown in Pictures taken in London.
Application of these technologies on the land of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people is possible only when the gurus (who has experience and researched on these subjects) related to IT and Business field has a network under organization to work on it. These technologies are not a new invention but will take some time, money, labour and IT engineers under Rule of law.
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Traffic system:
Traffic system of United Kingdom is one of the best in the European countries and the best example is London; where rule of law is strictly applied on each citizen. One can see the difference on the roads of Peshawar and London.
A change for good is already a part of traffic system in most some areas of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and in Kabul which shows that these technologies are not a new thing for human being and can be applied in future as well.
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Per hour wages::
Per hour wages (wages/week) is a need of every student who wants to live an independent life, as applied by develop countries like Europe; this law is applicable on the land of Pukhtunistan as well; to keep students busy in their life and to live their own livelihood with responsibilities.
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All other laws which should be strictly applied are;
• Property law
Property laws Includes providing rights related to the transfer of property which must be applied accurately to avoid civil disorder. Today thousands of Families on the land of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are facing big problem because of not having rule of law related to their person..........
pics not available (not a full version of this book)
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• Trust law: include all the assets held for investment and financial security.
Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) living in all around the world including Europe, U.S, Australia, Japan, Malaysia, Russia and all Arab countries are ready for investment in their own cities (land) whether in Peshawar or in Kabul, but due to law and order situation they are not ready to invest in their own regions.
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• Constitutional law: include creation of law, the protection of human rights and the election of political representatives.
Application of constitution law is only possible when Political leaders are chosen on the basis of the fundamental political principles by establishing the structure and procedures of powers and duties, of a government . By limiting the government's own reach, most constitutions guarantee certain rights to the people. The term constitution can be applied to any overall system of law that defines the functioning of a government, including several un codified historical constitutions that existed before the development of modern codified constitutions
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• Administrative laws includes the decisions of government agencies in areas such as in police law, international trade, manufacturing, the environment, taxation, broadcasting, immigration and transport which plays a big role for society to live in peace and to regulate the increasingly complex social, economic and political spheres of human interaction.
Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) living in other parts of the world knows and follow administrative laws by knowing its importance to live a civilized life compare to undeveloped states (regions). They should try their best to apply these laws in their own region (Pukhtunistan) to have a better future not only for their self but for the next generation as well.
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• Criminal law includes regulating the society under law and to impose restrictions on society that physically prevents people from committing a crime.
Criminal law has been a big issue for Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people where the rich one and the landlord illegally misuse their power against the poor ones, that’s the reason why Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) common man is not being capable to do his/her best for the society for not having equal rights against those who has power (authority).
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• Labour law has never been applied on the land of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) to provide just to labors.
Labour law provides equal rights under a law for individual workers to Executive, employer to employee, trade union to the industrialist to solve problems like job security, health and safety and minimum wage.
• Human rights, civil rights and human rights law are the ones that Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people should focus on by applying it practically through administrative law to guarantee each Pukhtun basic rights for his survival and freedom to live a peaceful life
• Civil procedure, criminal procedure law and Social Security law must be followed strictly by the Pashtuns. Thousands of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) family is facing a lot of problems in absence of laws. There is no Social security at all to provide rights to Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people like having insurance and jobseekers' allowances as well as housing benefits, which is applied in western (developed) countries
• Family laws such as marriage and divorce proceedings, the rights of children and rights to property and money in the event of separation are part of Pukhtun people lifestyle but still need a lot more improvement.
(No more pics, not a full version)
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Education system:
Schools, Colleges and madrasaas included primary and secondary both are organized institutions to teach student (mostly teen agers) under the supervision of teachers. These institutions are primary step in a child life to get proper education and acquire knowledge before university life. In most of these institutions especially in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and in other regions where Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are inhabited, there is lack of School, Colleges and Madrasaas to have appropriate primary and secondary level education.
• In most regions of Pukhtunistan these schools are not up to standards.
• Rata (learning by heart without understanding) is common in small children.
The reason behind the Rata system is lack of proper syllabus as well as not having authorized, well-established organization to guide them properly which is ruining life of a child. Students and Youth rights are part of civil rights which should be provided for each individual because these children are units (or base) to have a strong Nation.
There should be more universities in Pukhtunistan. For this purpose Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) from all over the world should have to take part in establishing well organize institutes, research foundations and universities. There should be availability of teachers for these Pukhtuns students for higher education (from universities around the world). A virtual network is needed where these teachers interact with students to share their experiences in the particulate fields and professions. More manageable time tables are needed for the participation of more and more students including those who cannot afford to have higher education but wish to have a professional degree in their life.
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Military force of Pukhtunistan
Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) military force exists since the existence of Pukhtuns given different name in different eras. Pukhtun forces fought against Europeans (in the time of Alexander). Then in Afghan wars these Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) were used against U.S.S.R. Now U.S and N.A.T.O has occupied their land in the name of terrorism and Taliban. These Pashtun people have no other option but to fight for peace on their land. A large number of Pukhtun Military forces are holding major position in both Pakistan and Afghanistan states.
(MORE DETAILS ARE NOTHERE, NOT A FULL VERSION ..)
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Pakhtuns (Pashtuns), one Nation, one unit:
Pakhtuns (Pashtuns)s have to be united from a soldier to a Major, from a worker to an executive, from a labour to PhD degree holders, doctors, engineers (in IT field), all Pukhtuns have to be united including those who are playing big roles in media whether they are Pukhtun Politicians, artists or other expertise related to different professions.
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Civil society of Pukhtunistan:
Classical republican concept of "civil society" dates back to Hobbes and Locke. Locke saw civil society as people who have "a common established law and judicature to appeal to, with authority to decide controversies between them. German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel distinguished the "state" from "civil society. Hegel believed that civil society and the state were polar opposites, within the scheme of his dialectic theory of history. Nowadays in post-modern theory civil society is necessarily a source of law, by being the basis from which people form opinions and lobby for what they believe law should be.One of its primary modern sources is found in the responses of ordinary men and women, and of the non-governmental organizations which many of them support, to the human rights abuses they see on the television screen in their living rooms. Freedom of speech, freedom of association and many other individual rights allow people to gather, discuss, criticize and hold to account their governments, from which the basis of a deliberative democracy is formed. The more people are involved with, concerned by and capable of changing how political power is exercised over their lives, the more acceptable and legitimate the law becomes to the people. The most familiar institutions of civil society include economic markets, profit-oriented firms, families, trade unions, hospitals, universities, schools, charities, debating clubs, non-governmental organizations, neighborhoods, churches, and religious associations.
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Brief history of Khyber (The heart of Pukhtunistan):
British Invasion:
In some versions of the Aryan migration theory, the Indo-Aryans migrated to India through the Khyber Pass. Recorded invasions through Khyber begin with the conquests of Darius I and in the time of Alexander and it include later Muslim invasions of South Asia, culminating with the establishment of the Mughul Empire (1526) The British invaded Afghanistan from India and fought three Afghan Wars in 1839-42, 1878-80, and 1919.
George Molesworth, a member of the British force of 1919, summarized: "Every stone in the Khyber has been soaked in blood." Rudyard Kipling called it "a sword cut through the mountains."
Khyber as Pukhtuns identity:
Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) people since ancient time either living in Afghanistan or in Pakistan or any part of the world, Khyber has always been heart of Pukhtunistan. As majority of Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are Muslims, As a Muslims they are living in Afghanistan and in Pakistan, but they wish and try for a separate homeland for Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) and the fact is they could have Pakhtunistan with their own laws and code of honor Pashtunwali.
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Afghanistan, Pakistan and Pukhtunistan:
The Pukhtunistan with its own boundaries on the map of world doesn’t mean it separation from Pakistan and Afghanistan. Afghanistan and Pakistan are states on the map of the world and with in both states there is land where Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are living since ancient time, Pukhtuns called this land as Pukhtunistan mean Land where Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) are inhabited. Both Pakistani and Afghani are Muslims and they will never dislike having Pashtunistan as a state with their own boundaries on the map of the world while keep united with Pakistan and Afghanistan borders as United States of central Asia (USC), which will help both of countries to resolve many issues between both the countries including Pak Afghan Border (Durand Line).
Pakistan and Afghanistan both are Islamic states (Muslim majority States) and Pakhtuns (Pashtuns) in majority are also Muslims who love to live between Pakistanis and Afghanis with their own identity and own state between Afghanistan and Pakistan as Pukhtunistan same as we know about United Kingdom (The Great Britain)
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How it is possible to apply and regulate Rule of law in the presence of law and security forces (like Police) in the region?
Under the power and Authority given by Government, Organize units of ARC will watch over these Law and Security agencies while to be in contact with Common Citizen for feedback.
What is ARC Organization?
ARC organization should have power provided by the government to initiate, regulate and manage applied rule of law on real basis with feedback from common citizen to government.
Division of ARC law organization:
• Law Activator (in contact with law agencies):
An organize unit to plan and activate (to initiate) rule of law in different part of the regions while in contact with Law agencies (Police).
• Law Regulator (in contact with common citizen):
An organize unit to make it sure that rule of law is applied regular on Daily basis while in contact with common citizen.
• Law Controller (report to government and law agencies):
An organize unit who will be in charge to manage control and give report back to Government and law agencies on weekly basis.
Division of ARC Security organization:
• Security Activator (in contact with law agencies):
An organize unit to activate rule of law in different part of the regions while in contact with Security agencies
• Security Regulator (in contact with common citizen):
An organize unit to make it confirm that people in the particular region is secure while in contact with common citizen.
• Security Controller (report to government and security agencies):
An organize unit who will be in charge to manage its control over security while in contact with Government agencies to report on weekly basis.
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THIS IS NOT FULL VERSION (not translated in Pashto or any other language)
FOR ANY QUESTION, MISTAKE, COMMENT OR SUGGESTION ..
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