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  • Ramadan and the Quran

    Muhammad (S), according to our traditions, used to recite the whole of the Quran during Ramadan, and before he entered eternity and stepped beyond our worldly view he recited it twice in his final Ramadan.

    This custom would translate into individualized tarawih up to the reign of the great Caliph Omar Bin Al Khattab. The latter ordered the tarawih process such that one of the 4 great memorizers, Ubaay ibn Kaab would lead the now time honored, ummah wide tarawih.

    From our beloved Afghanistan to the far reaches of Africa, to remote corners of the globe, and in the heart of many nations throngs gather to recite the whole of the Quran from beginning to end in one month. The imams, the over whelming majority of the time, do this from memory with a series of hafizaan standing behind them as checks on one another for accuracy. When one projects this back across 1400 years it means that every single one of those years the people themselves have been safe gaurding the constitution and bedrock of Islam in the masses. Every one of those years, all across the world in large and small gatherings the whole of the Quran has been publicly recited.

    Every so often the American congress gathers to read the American constitution publicly. A few elite lawyers may have the whole of it memorized word for word. On the other hand, a poor man in Mumbai will hear the Quran recited every year of life publicly in 30 parts during the Ramadan period, as will a man in Chicago, and a man in Kandahar, etc etc.

    This reminds me of the famous book, Fahrenheit 451. All books are burned in Bradbury's dystopia and the end result is a cadre of people who commit great works to memory because the collective human mind cannot be done away with.

    Whereas those men memorized the sense of the books they sought to preserve, we here all know that there is the utmost meticulousness in reciting the Quran from memory.

    What a great comfort to know that even here on PF alone, we could probably put together a large portion of the Quran verbatim from our collective memory. Beyond that, in many single cities in the West, the whole Mushaf could be collected and checked by multiple witnesses within the span of days

    I understand the sentiment these days that we ought to know the translation of what we recite. I agree with this wholeheartedly. Yet there is something astounding and amazing about the fact that across this world there exist folks from many language groups and walks of life that memorize and recite every cadence and every syllable in pure classical Arabic and that even these non Arabic speaking peoples can contribute to the process of safe guarding the Quranic text.

    For this reason, take the time to memorize at least 1 surah during Ramadan so that you can be a part of this collective whole that can witness to a section of the mushaf should it ever need recollection.

    Every ramadan, take up the practice of the prophet and do your own personal jamaa al Quran by going over what you have memorized in full.

    Here is a gift to you all:

    End of Surah Baqarah - Fatih Seferagic - YouTube
    Last edited by BarakzaiAbdali; 07-14-2013, 03:31 AM.
    "2 crackheads don't become any better or stronger by sharing the same crack pipe." - Greatest PF quote

  • #2
    On the other hand, a poor man in Mumbai will hear the Quran recited every year of life publicly in 30 parts during the Ramadan period, as will a man in Chicago, and a man in Kandahar, etc etc.
    In school we learn that 'Muslims recite parts of the Koran during Ramadan' but I didn't know it was a complete recitation. A smart practice and unique to Islam.
    په پښتو ژبه ټایپ کول تاسو غواري؟ بيا داسې وکړي چې
    دلته وهي

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    • #3
      Originally posted by SiiNii View Post
      In school we learn that 'Muslims recite parts of the Koran during Ramadan' but I didn't know it was a complete recitation. A smart practice and unique to Islam.
      The Hafiz (memorizer or literally Arabic for "protector") or group of hafizaan rotate usually in a single masjid (mosque) or amongst a group of local masjid as imaams (leaders of the prayer). It can very but most of often they utilize what in Afghanistan and Pakistan and most istaan states are called the siparaa divisions of the quran into 30 equal parts. In Arabic I believe they call the individual units juz (so 1 juz = 1 siparah and 30 of these siparah = whole Quran).

      In this way they will read 1 siparah/Ramadan night in a set of divided prayers in the last prayer of the night and its done publicly (i.e. loudly so that he congregration can hear).

      The way this is done is that the final prayer of the day is done normally (ishaa in Arabic or makhustaan in West Pashto/masputhaan in Eastern Pashto). This prayer has 4 cycles or series of standing to bowing to touching the forehead on the ground. This manner of prayer emulates the way that Christ prayed in Gethsemane or how Abraham, Moses, and Aaron amongst others prayed. One cycle is punctuated by a "falling onto the face" as the Bible calls it though its not an actual falling but a slow bowing:

      "Going a little farther, he fell with his face to the ground and prayed, "My Father, if it is possible, may this cup be taken from me. Yet not as I will, but as you will."" (Matthew 26:39)

      "When Abram was ninety years old and nine, the LORD appeared to Abram ... And Abram fell on his face." (Genesis 17: 1-3)

      "Then Moses and Aaron fell on their faces." (Numbers 14:5)

      Then the public recitation of 1/30th of the Quran that night will begin and often be spread between a total of 20 prayer cycles or 8 prayer cycles.

      This will conclude with the standard end to the night prayer called the witr (means "odd number" in Arabic).

      Often, since the final siparaay contain shorter surahs, they will actually read more in the last 10 nights to allow for an earlier finish to the Quran before Ramadan ends (i.e. the whole of the Quran will have been publicly recited in the night prayers by the 27th night of Ramadan).

      If Hafizaan are sparse in an area then the hafiz will lead the prayer and a capable person will stand in the first row with a paper mushaf (copy) checking the hafiz. Often, by the time the last siparah is reached most of the congregation will not need any paper copies since a large portion of the Muslims, religious and non have the final siparaahs memorized in full and can correct from memory.

      If no hafiz lives in the area either the congregation will commute farther to a place that has one or a capable reader will be the imam and read from the paper copy publicly in the same way. Though I have yet to frequent a place without at least one hafiz or one hafiz in training. These folks are often sent out to the mosques across the country where there may be a need.
      Last edited by BarakzaiAbdali; 07-14-2013, 04:09 PM.
      "2 crackheads don't become any better or stronger by sharing the same crack pipe." - Greatest PF quote

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      • #4
        There is no legislation commanding finishing the entire quran in tarawih. In most masajid you cant even understand what is being recited during tarawih because shallow and fanatic muslims compete with each other in finishing quran in tarawih. Quran should be read correctly.
        Originally posted by Firdousi
        Never talk with Afghans about politics. All their political knowledge is limited to conspiracy theories, political demonization and contradictions. No logic, no reason.

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        • #5
          Originally posted by Shamlawar Khurasani View Post
          There is no legislation commanding finishing the entire quran in tarawih. In most masajid you cant even understand what is being recited during tarawih because shallow and fanatic muslims compete with each other in finishing quran in tarawih. Quran should be read correctly.
          wow, this is possibly the only thing I will 100% agree with you on

          I really find it annoying when people are not even understanding a word or Quran, yet they are thinking they are finishing the whole Quran.

          This happen in Pakistani community a lot. Some times I wonder should so many Pakistani Quran e hafiz, be called Hafiz? because I really doubt they understand the Quran by heart, they might able to memorize it, but understanding is a whole different thing
          Last edited by Karachi; 07-14-2013, 05:01 PM.

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          • #6
            There are allot of things you say that i agree with.
            Originally posted by Firdousi
            Never talk with Afghans about politics. All their political knowledge is limited to conspiracy theories, political demonization and contradictions. No logic, no reason.

            Comment


            • #7
              Originally posted by Shamlawar Khurasani View Post
              There is no legislation commanding finishing the entire quran in tarawih. In most masajid you cant even understand what is being recited during tarawih because shallow and fanatic muslims compete with each other in finishing quran in tarawih. Quran should be read correctly.
              Certainly not legislation but it has become a widespread standardized process since Umar's time and I think he did a great service for Islam with the move he made to cement this process and custom.

              I also have visited masjids in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, the US and Saudi and have not experienced any issues whatsoever with respect to not being able to hear the Quran or with the congregation having a high degree of respect for being silent when it was recited.

              The exception comes occasionally to the states where parents bring young children to the mosque to expose them to Islam (a worthy endeavor) - but this also then creates a ripe environment for lots of crying and screaming infants obscuring the recitation.

              The majority of the tarawih I have been to are reminiscient of the young man you see in the video.
              "2 crackheads don't become any better or stronger by sharing the same crack pipe." - Greatest PF quote

              Comment


              • #8
                Originally posted by Karachi View Post
                wow, this is possibly the only thing I will 100% agree with you on

                I really find it annoying when people are not even understanding a word or Quran, yet they are thinking they are finishing the whole Quran.

                This happen in Pakistani community a lot. Some times I wonder should so many Pakistani Quran e hafiz, be called Hafiz? because I really doubt they understand the Quran by heart, they might able to memorize it, but understanding is a whole different thing
                That doesn't negate the good deeds and efforts folks get for reciting the Quran in its pure Arabic. There certainly is an advantage to understanding it and that should be the case.

                I dont think its any light matter though or even fair to criticize someone who has put so much effort into memorizing the holy text.

                There are specific traditions where God alots reward for reciting the book. I am sure that many of these hafizaan have a great deal of love for God and feel close to him when they recite it.

                And with respect to those that have the faculties to read, understand, or even get a translation - how many of these supposed enlightened Muslims do you see actually pursuing the goal of "understanding"? 75% of these folks that talk about "understanding" the Quran haven't even made it through the full translated text.

                In that context I would say a good hearted hafiz who doesnt pass fatwas but uses his skill to lead the prayer is certainly not the lesser man. In fact there is something beautiful about his devotion to the sacred text. And I am not talking about those poor products of madrassas where some kids are sent there as an artifact of being poor and end up abused etc. I am talking about those individuals who honor the Quran and have a family history of memorizing it or decided it was important enough to retain the holy text in their hearts.
                "2 crackheads don't become any better or stronger by sharing the same crack pipe." - Greatest PF quote

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                • #9
                  [MENTION=1772]BarakzaiAbdali[/MENTION] [MENTION=5381]Shamlawar Khurasani[/MENTION]

                  We have our own Kandahari twins(both brothers are Hafiz of the Quran, one does 15 and the other does 15, both remind you born and raised in NY) and its been great thus far; no issues whatsoever!
                  Even Adobe Photoshop can't change me.

                  A line[Durrand line] of hatred that raised a wall between the two brothers -Hamid Karzai

                  For generations, the Hindus of India prayed for deliverance from "the venom of the cobra, the teeth of the tiger and the vengeance of the Afghan."


                  The men of Kábul and Khilj also went home; and whenever they were questioned about the Musulmáns of the Kohistán (the mountains), and how matters stood there, they said, "Don't call it Kohistán, but Afghánistán; for there is nothing there but Afgháns and disturbances." Thus it is clear that for this reason the people of the country call their home in their own language Afghánistán, and themselves Afgháns. The people of India call them Patán; but the reason for this is not known. But it occurs to me, that when, under the rule of Muhammadan sovereigns, Musulmáns first came to the city of Patná, and dwelt there, the people of India (for that reason) called them Patáns—but God knows!

                  -Ferishta, 1560–1620

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                  • #10
                    Originally posted by BarakzaiAbdali View Post
                    Certainly not legislation but it has become a widespread standardized process since Umar's time and I think he did a great service for Islam with the move he made to cement this process and custom.

                    I also have visited masjids in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, the US and Saudi and have not experienced any issues whatsoever with respect to not being able to hear the Quran or with the congregation having a high degree of respect for being silent when it was recited.

                    The exception comes occasionally to the states where parents bring young children to the mosque to expose them to Islam (a worthy endeavor) - but this also then creates a ripe environment for lots of crying and screaming infants obscuring the recitation.

                    The majority of the tarawih I have been to are reminiscient of the young man you see in the video.
                    When did Umar ra say that we should finish quran in tarawih?
                    Originally posted by Firdousi
                    Never talk with Afghans about politics. All their political knowledge is limited to conspiracy theories, political demonization and contradictions. No logic, no reason.

                    Comment


                    • #11
                      Originally posted by Shamlawar Khurasani View Post
                      When did Umar ra say that we should finish quran in tarawih?
                      There was never an order. I never said that. I said he established the custom that would eventually permeate the Muslim world and beyond.

                      Here is what we do know about Quranic recitation during Ramadan:

                      1) Bukhari and Muslim transmit hadith that Muhammad (S) used to review it yearly with Jibreel and twice in the year of his passing
                      2) Ubay ibn Kaab is mentioned as one of the 4 esteemed early supreme hafizaan (the 3 others being Abu Musa, Ibn Masud, and Muadh bin Jabal).

                      In the book of tarawih in Bukhari's collection, hadith 227 narrates the origin of the congregational tarawih. In the initial it was a sort of nawafil type of thing. Abu Huraira and the subnarrators go on to indicate the Caliph Omar himself congregated them behind Ubai ibn Kaab.

                      Anthropologically:
                      This is important because this practice permeates the whole of the Muslim world except the shiites, who do not offer tarawih. They view it as an innovation. Generally this further supports the placement of this process into the Caliphate of Omar as they are ardently anti most of Omar's legistlation and decisions.

                      The nature of the tarawih across the sunni world is pretty much as I wrote and as Admin Khan affirmed above - recitation of the whole Quran when possible (but not mandatory).

                      This sort of world wide phenomena could only go back to a pre ummayad or pre abbassad decree, i.e. in the Rashidun Caliphate era - otherwise there would be as much dissent about it as there are are so many other issues between sunnis today.

                      The utilization of Ubay ibn Kaab, one of the collectors of the Quran and one of the key 4 readers, coupled to Muhammad (S) own review process provided Umar with the underpinnings to establish this tradition of publicly reciting the whole of the Quran in tarawih, and that I think was a very astute thing to do.

                      This amongst many of Omar's decisions truly display his genius as a leader ahead of his time.

                      The other nice thing it offers us is that it undoes the mischief the Missionaries try to do when they attempt to pin the mushaf to Uthman ibn Affan alone. Omar in some ways was paramount of jama al Quran when he placed Ubay ibn Kaab at the head of this public recitation effort in that Ubay was publicly doing the jama before Uthman's Caliphate and ensuring a whole generation heard his recitation.
                      Last edited by BarakzaiAbdali; 07-14-2013, 07:27 PM.
                      "2 crackheads don't become any better or stronger by sharing the same crack pipe." - Greatest PF quote

                      Comment


                      • #12
                        Originally posted by Admin Khan View Post
                        [MENTION=1772]BarakzaiAbdali[/MENTION] [MENTION=5381]Shamlawar Khurasani[/MENTION]

                        We have our own Kandahari twins(both brothers are Hafiz of the Quran, one does 15 and the other does 15, both remind you born and raised in NY) and its been great thus far; no issues whatsoever!
                        I think this is great. And in light of what I was telling Karachi, I would agree that optimally it would be great if they knew the meanings of each and every Arabic word and phrase and were alimaan. But in general their endeavor of memorizing the whole book has helped them serve a purpose too. I dont think its fair to look down on them and think that they are lesser Muslims because they dont understand word for word what they recite (if thats the case).
                        "2 crackheads don't become any better or stronger by sharing the same crack pipe." - Greatest PF quote

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                        • #13
                          Shariah is not anthropology.
                          Originally posted by Firdousi
                          Never talk with Afghans about politics. All their political knowledge is limited to conspiracy theories, political demonization and contradictions. No logic, no reason.

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                          • #14
                            Originally posted by Shamlawar Khurasani View Post
                            Shariah is not anthropology.
                            No one ever said it was shariah or direct command. I was commending the practice set up by Omar bin Al Khattab. If it came off as I was presenting the tarawih as mandatory then I can state clearly that I did not mean for this to be the case. I do however think the accomplishment of Omar in putting the book in the hands of the people (in contrast to the Biblical text being in the hands of some aramaic, hebrew, or ancient greek familiar scholars at best and some elites) is a huge thing to celebrate.

                            Are you against it?

                            I think the masses across time and across place have responded favorably to Omar's move.
                            "2 crackheads don't become any better or stronger by sharing the same crack pipe." - Greatest PF quote

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                            • #15
                              Tarawih is not the issue. Finishing quran in tarawih is
                              Originally posted by Firdousi
                              Never talk with Afghans about politics. All their political knowledge is limited to conspiracy theories, political demonization and contradictions. No logic, no reason.

                              Comment

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