New Study on Afghanistan's Genetics

[Toramana]

Midnight_Sun, below is another mtDNA study of Afghans that also includes study of Pashtuns. Go to page 122 of the thesis to see various proportions of Pashtun mtDNA.

http://eprints.port.ac.uk/9862/1/John_Whale_MPhil_Thesis_2012.pdf

[Midnight_Sun]

Exposing to much buddy!

Pashtuns have the highest frequency of "pure" ancient Aryan blood outside Europe, Don't ask Dr. David Duke, ask your fellow scientist.

A Genetic Genealogy Community • View topic - Pashtun vs Indic R1a1a

You can't test 'purity' with simply looking at the Y-Chromosome…please take some effort in understanding a little genetics. I'm no expert myself, but anybody can tell you that.

The link you provided is from a message board, not an article. 2ndly, I went through all pages of this discussion, and nothing is said about 'purity' of Pashtun blood or anybody promoting or refuting such a claim. The article that was mentioned is one that I bought, and the only thing it says is that there is a difference between the R1a1 of North of Hindu Kush and that South of Hindu Kush towards India. The conclusion of the article is catchy, mentioning some Khazar-Ashkenazi Pashtun link, but you cannot get that conclusion from the limited data and results of that study.

Furthermore, it didn't really test all the SNP's that needed to be tested: L657, Z2122, Z2123, etc. The study on the subject: N49878 is 657 negative, which does not match the other Indian ones that they were comparing. Although, there has been some Arab and some Pakistani Pashtun correlation with N49878, which is about 4,000+- 500 years old and also different from the ones that the users of that message board were comparing. Again, nothing about purity of Pashtun bloodlines.

....."although sometimes twisted due to "human factor" as found in India...

..There are some (rarely) situations that by chance a subclade is "pure" (or almost pure), that is contains only one branch, then the modal can accidentally be that base haplotype. However, it is unpredictable, and typically not so.

..they observe that the russians and balkans reported by klyosov have similar loci and age estimates as Pashtuns...
A Genetic Genealogy Community • View topic - Pashtun vs Indic R1a1a

I'm familiar with the article, I read it last year. Whoever summarized the article for you, or whatever you read was not what the article stated at all. The point of the article was to do two things: Refute the Indian Origin of R1a, and discuss the migration patterns of the Prot-Indo-Europeans by using R1a frequency in Europe and Asia.

What the article states is perfectly in line with my own results: L342.2 SNP, which is found in Z93/Z94 population of R1a diverged about 4,000 years ago and it's origin is somewhere in "Middle Asia" My guess is Ferghana valley just north of Afghanistan, where many Saka tribes first roamed, and then migrated southwards. The article spells out migration in a very simple paragraph here:

"The whole pattern of ancient migrations of bearers of R1a1 haplotypes shows that after they had arrived to Europe via Asia Minor, as it is described above, between 11,000 and 8,000 ybp (see below), they moved to the Russian Plain in the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC….From there R1a1 split into three principal streams. One stream migrated south, over the Caucasus to Anatolia, the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula. The second stream went eastward to South Ural, the Andronovo and Sintashta archaeological cultures in the 2nd millennium BC, between 4,000 and 3,000 ybp, and then split into two migration paths. One went south to India as the legendary Aryans, another went further east to Altay and the Northern China. This closed the loop of the ancient migrations of R1a1. Yet the third stream went south-east to the mountainous terrain of Middle Asia in ~ 4,000 ybp, and some 500 years later moved to Iran, otherwise known as the “Avesta Aryans.”

Hey wait a minute those language similarities in Serbia Croatia and pashtun's this can't be odd coincidence.

Serbia and Croatia have frequency of R1a, but they are not the best comparison. Using simple words like Sarban/Serbian, or Abghan/Alban/Afghan is rather short sighted. That would be like if I said the word "Kochi" which is found in China, Himalayas, and even Africa mean they were all genetically related. Just because some words are similar, does not at all mean that they are the same people. The best method to approach this would be to find people who speak a similar language (this doesn't necessarily have to do with genetics), and also fall in line historically, and geographically with Pashtuns.

Kohistani Tajiks (some show up to 70%+ R1a!, Higher than even Russian and Eastern Europe examples) who are South Eastern Iranic speakers like Pashtuns : Shughni, Yazgulami, Roshani. Then the north eastern speakers: Caucasus Mountain tribes like the Ossetians, and just recently found, Lezgi, who have some R1a and are autosomally somehow similar to Pashtuns! Let's not forget Tribal castes of India, and even some certain Arabic tribes, that have high frequencies of R1a!

Autosomally speaking, some Turks, Iranians, Turkmens, Tajiks show similar genetic frequency to Pashtuns! Sorry no Serbs or Bosnians! Their genetic ancestry is more similar to people who are they familiar with, Germans, Northern Europeans, etc.

Nice Haplogroup Map. You didn't really read much into the map , because if you did, you would realize R1a* has never , ever, been found in Afghanistan. You need to a couple thousand years in the future, (about 5,000 should do), and get to about R1a1a1, which brings you about the time when the Indo-Europeans entered Central Asia and started migrating towards Indus Valley through Afghanistan, leaving Archaeological evidence all the way to Pakistan.

The more central problem, say Khan and other Pashtuns, is biocolonialism. "The only people who should be doing this are groups that have Pashtun permission," Khan says. "Pashtuns aren't afraid of a DNA test - we just want to do it under our own auspices.

Gene Watch Page

Dravidan Watch!

This article has NOTHING, and I mean absolutely NOTHING to do with the research provided with the recent article. G2c genetically speaking is older than the Khazars. Which means that the commonality between the Ashkenazi and the G2c in Pashtuns will most likely be before they converted to Judaism. Most likely, in my opinion, and this is only speculation , the G2c in Pashtuns may have risen either from Turkic expansion, or Indo-Iranian Huns that migrated to this region just prior to conversion to Islam.

You are confusing the research of this article with infamous myths that foreigners have told people of our Region: Some of those myths include:

Pashtuns are direct descendant of Prophet Noah (Poladi, Laghmani Afghans)
Pashtuns are direct descendant of Alexander the Great's Armies (Afridis, etc)
Pashtuns are pure blood Aryans (Any Afghan who has light features (lol))
Pashtuns are descendants of Jews (Makhzane Afghani Myth)
Pashtuns were all converted to Islam by Qais AbdurRashid, (Makhzane Afghani myth)

All of these myths are false. Everyone one of them. For anyone to believe these myths were the same if somebody told you the Earth is flat.

[Midnight_Sun]

Midnight_Sun, below is another mtDNA study of Afghans that also includes study of Pashtuns. Go to page 122 of the thesis to see various proportions of Pashtun mtDNA.


http://eprints.port.ac.uk/9862/1/Joh...hesis_2012.pdf

Wow, this is an older study I didn't know about. Most of it does correlate with the other studies except with the peculiar lack of U in any of the Afghan samples..this is either a Y-chromosome chart that I was looking at (which then it would make sense as R-Y-dna being the highest) or some type of fluke. I can't seem to find the results of the mtDNA study on page 122. The study does show that most ethnicities in Afghanistan have roughly 50% or greater Eurasian ancestry of their mtDNA ancestry.

[Karachi]

Wow, this is an older study I didn't know about. Most of it does correlate with the other studies except with the peculiar lack of U in any of the Afghan samples..this is either a Y-chromosome chart that I was looking at (which then it would make sense as R-Y-dna being the highest) or some type of fluke. I can't seem to find the results of the mtDNA study on page 122. The study does show that most ethnicities in Afghanistan have roughly 50% or greater Eurasian ancestry of their mtDNA ancestry.

If the mtdna is 50% more eurasian, that means it was not just the males who came and it also gives clue that people were migrating rather then invading, because usually invasion are done by males.

That said, I heard that mtdna in south asia, especially more you go south and east in India is mostly local, meaning probably related to ASI, but I still need data to confirm that

[Kushan Prince]

[QUOTE=Apollyon;712846]West Afghanistan,early 19th Century rug


Pashtuns are closer to Irani-Europoids than Middle easterners. Southern Afghans being less diversity than Northern. Hindukush formed a barrier to gene flow between north and south populations. Southern population, are genetically closer to Kurgan region- Southwest Russia. The original Aryans that migrated thousands of years ago into Afghanistan.

https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:S4qBiXN9-gwJ:ijjkk.com/science?_ob%3DMImg%26_imagekey%3DB6W7W-51Y44Y3-1-B%26_cdi%3D6637%26_user%3D4861547%26_pii%3DS1344622310001549%26_origin%3Dbrowse%26_zone%3Drslt_list_item%26_coverDate%3D03%252F31%252F2011%26_sk%3D999869997%26wchp%3DdGLzVzb-zSkzV%26_valck%3D1%26md5%3D2033d2f350480c0ecb1ea2bafe2ca7cc%26ie%3D/sdarticle.pdf+y-str+profiling+in+two+afghanistan+populations&hl=en&gl=ca&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjA6HK8Rv9ZF-VOkvkSp4jM48x5Ef2cgcf3n660TW628Xr0Fnleeb8-2cGkuNmFl7WCziEYDbPPOrcDXq5T4XCorG3SuX7fVpEKn9CY4etXxzkVVwKp0o4EaV6FqL5NVtN0XHdZ&sig=AHIEtbT4bLG9bkGnrUjP0143fw9lqRQ3Yw&pli=1

Pathan/Pashtun Admixture Results | Harappa Ancestry Project

The Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy : Vol 2 , No 1 , 20 1 1
The origin of the Pashtuns

According to the cultural tradition Pathan have origins from Jews. But as will be shown below this tradition is irrelevant to the Pashtun Y - haplogroups, which generally are of non - Middle Eastern origin.

Among the potential ancestors of the Pashtuns with haplogroup R 1a1a may include: 1. Indo-Aryans who invaded India through Afghanistan.

Northern Afghan 50, R1A1, Southern Afghan 66,6

it should be noted that most of the Southern Pashtuns belong to two tribal unions: Durrani (derived from the first son of Pathan) and Ghilzai (derived from the second son of Pathan). Durrani live i n western and southwestern Afghanistan; Ghilzai live in the south and south - eastern Afghanistan

No, 50% accounts for all pashtuns whether from the north or south. The myth about northern pashtuns being more mixed with Tajiks is complete bs. The genetics tests showed that northern pashtuns and southern pashtuns are the same, this also accounts to Pakistani pashtuns. Pashtuns haven't been merely long enough in the north to mix with tajijs or Uzbeks to a great degree.

[Apollyon]

You can't test 'purity' with simply looking at the Y-Chromosome…please take some effort in understanding a little genetics. I'm no expert myself, but anybody can tell you that.

The link you provided is from a message board, not an article. 2ndly, I went through all pages of this discussion, and nothing is said about 'purity' of Pashtun blood or anybody promoting or refuting such a claim. The article that was mentioned is one that I bought, and the only thing it says is that there is a difference between the R1a1 of North of Hindu Kush and that South of Hindu Kush towards India. The conclusion of the article is catchy, mentioning some Khazar-Ashkenazi Pashtun link, but you cannot get that conclusion from the limited data and results of that study.

Furthermore, it didn't really test all the SNP's that needed to be tested: L657, Z2122, Z2123, etc. The study on the subject: N49878 is 657 negative, which does not match the other Indian ones that they were comparing. Although, there has been some Arab and some Pakistani Pashtun correlation with N49878, which is about 4,000+- 500 years old and also different from the ones that the users of that message board were comparing. Again, nothing about purity of Pashtun bloodlines.

I'm familiar with the article, I read it last year. Whoever summarized the article for you, or whatever you read was not what the article stated at all. The point of the article was to do two things: Refute the Indian Origin of R1a, and discuss the migration patterns of the Prot-Indo-Europeans by using R1a frequency in Europe and Asia.

What the article states is perfectly in line with my own results: L342.2 SNP, which is found in Z93/Z94 population of R1a diverged about 4,000 years ago and it's origin is somewhere in "Middle Asia" My guess is Ferghana valley just north of Afghanistan, where many Saka tribes first roamed, and then migrated southwards. The article spells out migration in a very simple paragraph here:

"The whole pattern of ancient migrations of bearers of R1a1 haplotypes shows that after they had arrived to Europe via Asia Minor, as it is described above, between 11,000 and 8,000 ybp (see below), they moved to the Russian Plain in the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC….From there R1a1 split into three principal streams. One stream migrated south, over the Caucasus to Anatolia, the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula. The second stream went eastward to South Ural, the Andronovo and Sintashta archaeological cultures in the 2nd millennium BC, between 4,000 and 3,000 ybp, and then split into two migration paths. One went south to India as the legendary Aryans, another went further east to Altay and the Northern China. This closed the loop of the ancient migrations of R1a1. Yet the third stream went south-east to the mountainous terrain of Middle Asia in ~ 4,000 ybp, and some 500 years later moved to Iran, otherwise known as the “Avesta Aryans.”

Serbia and Croatia have frequency of R1a, but they are not the best comparison. Using simple words like Sarban/Serbian, or Abghan/Alban/Afghan is rather short sighted. That would be like if I said the word "Kochi" which is found in China, Himalayas, and even Africa mean they were all genetically related. Just because some words are similar, does not at all mean that they are the same people. The best method to approach this would be to find people who speak a similar language (this doesn't necessarily have to do with genetics), and also fall in line historically, and geographically with Pashtuns.

Kohistani Tajiks (some show up to 70%+ R1a!, Higher than even Russian and Eastern Europe examples) who are South Eastern Iranic speakers like Pashtuns : Shughni, Yazgulami, Roshani. Then the north eastern speakers: Caucasus Mountain tribes like the Ossetians, and just recently found, Lezgi, who have some R1a and are autosomally somehow similar to Pashtuns! Let's not forget Tribal castes of India, and even some certain Arabic tribes, that have high frequencies of R1a!

Autosomally speaking, some Turks, Iranians, Turkmens, Tajiks show similar genetic frequency to Pashtuns! Sorry no Serbs or Bosnians! Their genetic ancestry is more similar to people who are they familiar with, Germans, Northern Europeans, etc.

Nice Haplogroup Map. You didn't really read much into the map , because if you did, you would realize R1a* has never , ever, been found in Afghanistan. You need to a couple thousand years in the future, (about 5,000 should do), and get to about R1a1a1, which brings you about the time when the Indo-Europeans entered Central Asia and started migrating towards Indus Valley through Afghanistan, leaving Archaeological evidence all the way to Pakistan.

This article has NOTHING, and I mean absolutely NOTHING to do with the research provided with the recent article. G2c genetically speaking is older than the Khazars. Which means that the commonality between the Ashkenazi and the G2c in Pashtuns will most likely be before they converted to Judaism. Most likely, in my opinion, and this is only speculation , the G2c in Pashtuns may have risen either from Turkic expansion, or Indo-Iranian Huns that migrated to this region just prior to conversion to Islam.

You are confusing the research of this article with infamous myths that foreigners have told people of our Region: Some of those myths include:

Pashtuns are direct descendant of Prophet Noah (Poladi, Laghmani Afghans)
Pashtuns are direct descendant of Alexander the Great's Armies (Afridis, etc)
Pashtuns are pure blood Aryans (Any Afghan who has light features (lol))
Pashtuns are descendants of Jews (Makhzane Afghani Myth)
Pashtuns were all converted to Islam by Qais AbdurRashid, (Makhzane Afghani myth)

All of these myths are false. Everyone one of them. For anyone to believe these myths were the same if somebody told you the Earth is flat.

Appears you are on a mission. The time in which you learned about genetic mapping ( a few months) very improbable that you are a scientist and able to interpret.

The discussions on the link provided are from scientist, consider your attempt (valiant effort) to translate direction, interpretation of data, etc. mere opinion and makes for good entertainment.

Pashtuns are not Jew per study provided, they do not have the phenotype of geographic closeness to Israel. All that said yet your holding onto a religious notion, not supported by Hadith or Koran. Yes Jews lived in Afghanistan thousands of years ago but those genes have long been distinguished like putting a fire out whenever they kindled war.


1.Vaedhya project are scientist
2 Russian study are scientist
3 Gene path are scientist
4 geneology community are scientist

A royal dismission for your attempt the dismiss considering all the above and calling Pashtuns jews, like our Dravidian companions lurking about here witholding data to pull Pashtuns into the "dark abyss". You edited your comments quiet a bit! The observation is you do not have the resources or scientific power to call to falsify data.

Much appreciate good laugh!

[Midnight_Sun]

Apollyon,

What are you ranting about? I have never claimed Pashtuns are Jews. Do you even read what I have replied back to you? Is it so over your head that you have started to make up arguments to argue against?

Is their an imaginary person you are arguing with? lol

I have edited my responses to correct for grammar mistakes and also to be nice to you. I wanted to state how you have misread and misinterpreted every part of data that you have claimed is proving the 'purity' of Pashtuns.

Please find anywhere, ANYWHERE in any of your quotes, links, pictures, maps, etc, that you have provided that prove Pashtuns are 'pure' and we have very close relationship with Serbians lol. Please.

[Midnight_Sun]

No, 50% accounts for all pashtuns whether from the north or south. The myth about northern pashtuns being more mixed with Tajiks is complete bs. The genetics tests showed that northern pashtuns and southern pashtuns are the same, this also accounts to Pakistani pashtuns. Pashtuns haven't been merely long enough in the north to mix with tajijs or Uzbeks to a great degree.

Kushan,

The article never stated that the Pashtuns of North or South are different. They are comparing the same R1a1 and finding differences in their STR's. If you cannot understand what that limited research article says, let me know, I will explain it to you in simplest terms.

[Kushan Prince]

Kushan,

The article never stated that the Pashtuns of North or South are different. They are comparing the same R1a1 and finding differences in their STR's. If you cannot understand what that limited research article says, let me know, I will explain it to you in simplest terms.

Use simpler terms then.

[Apollyon]

Apollyon,

Please find anywhere, ANYWHERE in any of your quotes, links, pictures, maps, etc, that you have provided that prove Pashtuns are 'pure' and we have very close relationship with Serbians lol. Please.

The intent behind your interpretation of data is in question, and attitude regarding purity of Pashtuns disturbing. Reasonable to conclude, since your not pure your expecting everyone to be mixed mutant like yourself. Are you against Pashtun? Warning-alert this individual, Karachi, and other Mader Jinda from Porkistan, are spreading withholding, falsifying data in their anti-Pashtun propaganda.

As you have read in the many scientific posts above and the Macedonian thread, Pashtuns have the highest frequency of R1A (not north India proven invalid) Pashtuns are not Porkistani or Indian, Middle eastern, or Jew, nice try!

relative frequency per country Indo-European

Afghanistan and Iran closest match.

YHRD - Search/Populations


The data being interpreted by the op does not represent the majority of Pashtuns, confusion by the op and or question of his-her motif with a microscope. A few months passed since op showed interest in Genetics, this individual appears to claim expertise, accusing pashtuns as impure race and has probable-possible anti-pashtun rethoric...odd.

rjgg.org/index.php/RJGG/article/download/106/121
Clade E3b1 lineages, which were frequent in the Greeks but not in Pakistan, were nevertheless observed in two Pathan individuals, one of whom shared a 16 Y-STR haplotype with the Greeks. The worldwide distribution of a shortened (9 Y-STR) version of this haplotype, determined from database information, was concentrated in Macedonia and Greece, suggesting an origin there. Although based on only a few unrelated descendants, this provides strong evidence for a European origin for a small proportion of the Pathan Y chromosomes.

European Journal of Human Genetics - Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan

There is Macedonian dna (to some degree) within Pashtun, what makes you question other Balkans? We all share ancient history, language, culture.

[Midnight_Sun]

The intent behind your interpretation of data is in question, and attitude regarding purity of Pashtuns disturbing. Reasonable to conclude, since your not pure your expecting everyone to be mixed mutant like yourself. Are you against Pashtun? Warning-alert this individual, Karachi, and other Mader Jinda from Porkistan, are spreading withholding, falsifying data in their anti-Pashtun propaganda.

As you have read in the many scientific posts above and the Macedonian thread, Pashtuns have the highest frequency of R1A (not north India proven invalid) Pashtuns are not Porkistani or Indian, Middle eastern, or Jew, nice try!


Afghanistan and Iran closest match.



The data being interpreted by the op does not represent the majority of Pashtuns, confusion by the op and or question of his-her motif with a microscope. A few months passed since op showed interest in Genetics, this individual appears to claim expertise, accusing pashtuns as impure race and has probable-possible anti-pashtun rethoric...odd.


Clade E3b1 lineages, which were frequent in the Greeks but not in Pakistan, were nevertheless observed in two Pathan individuals, one of whom shared a 16 Y-STR haplotype with the Greeks. The worldwide distribution of a shortened (9 Y-STR) version of this haplotype, determined from database information, was concentrated in Macedonia and Greece, suggesting an origin there. Although based on only a few unrelated descendants, this provides strong evidence for a European origin for a small proportion of the Pathan Y chromosomes.

European Journal of Human Genetics - Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan

There is Macedonian dna (to some degree) within Pashtun, what makes you question other Balkans? We all share ancient history, language, culture.

First off Appollyon, go back to your first argument.

The very first argument you made: Pashtuns are the purest "Aryans": This is YOUR quote:

Quote from You: "Pashtuns have the highest frequency of "pure" ancient Aryan blood outside Europe, Don't ask Dr. David Duke, ask your fellow scientist."

You quoted a Russian/European article about the migration pattern of R1a across Asia and a message board discussing R1a occurrence among Pashtuns.

What exactly in the 1st article you posted, were you referring to? Also in the discussion forum, where did anybody mention purity of Pashtuns?

Answer first this question, and I will continue to respond to your flood of pictures, maps, and articles that you obviously have not read, nor understand.

[pashtanajan]

Interesting!

Oh yes. And I would just like to mention that I recently received my test results: My father is a carrier of R1a1a and my mitochondrial DNA is U4. U4 is apparently common amongst the Kalash, and my grandmother was from Nuristan, so I probably got it from there!

Anyway, I'm not well-informed on genetics, so I don't fully comprehend my results. I would greatly appreciate it if someone were to explain my results to me in more detail! Thanks.

[Midnight_Sun]

Interesting!

Oh yes. And I would just like to mention that I recently received my test results: My father is a carrier of R1a1a and my mitochondrial DNA is U4. U4 is apparently common amongst the Kalash, and my grandmother was from Nuristan, so I probably got it from there!

Anyway, I'm not well-informed on genetics, so I don't fully comprehend my results. I would greatly appreciate it if someone were to explain my results to me in more detail! Thanks.

Pashtana jaan,

Thank you for finally getting back with your results! Your father and I, along with over 50% of every Pashtun is R1a1a, so this is great. Where did you get your testing done, Geno 2.0? Haplogroup U among Pashtuns seem to be quite high in general. I am also U too, U2 to be specific

Let me know what you want to know, and I can help you.

[Apollyon]

First off Appollyon, go back to your first argument.

The very first argument you made: Pashtuns are the purest "Aryans":
You quoted a Russian/European article about the migration pattern of R1a across Asia and a message board discussing R1a occurrence among Pashtuns.

What exactly in the 1st article you posted, were you referring to? Also in the discussion forum, where did anybody mention purity of Pashtuns?

Answer first this question, and I will continue to respond to your flood of pictures, maps, and articles that you obviously have not read, nor understand.

When looking at parahistory via genetics then looking at terrain in a path of least resistance way might provide some early theories which can then by tested against the genetic evidence. You are not providing serious analysis but rather a further example of the *possible* influence of terrain.

The accusations you made, misunderstanding data, were all of which was invalid per studies, as follows.

1 Pashtuns are jews
2 Pashtuns are middle eastern
3 Pashtuns are south Indian (implying dravidian?)
4 pashtuns share no common dna with Balkans
5 pashtuns share same dna as punjabis

The above stated by you is proven invalid, inaccurate, misinterpretation. Pashtuns are the only "pure" aryans left by language and dna from the original migration highest frequency or R1 outside of "Eastern Europe", a small percentage of Irani-Kurd-Nuristani and Balkan also hold this "unique" genetics not mixed with mongols, or dravidians.

Razib Khan | March 29, 2012 12:14 am
..A new paper in PLoS ONE examines the Y-chromosomal patterns as they partition across ethnic groups in Afghanistan. By this, we mean the direct paternal lineage of Afghan men. Additionally, the authors place the results in a broader Eurasian context. The results are not surprising, though they add greater precision and power to our picture because of their sample size. The main downside is that they did not include mtDNA (maternal lineage) or autosomal analysis (the total ancestry, not just the paternal or maternal line).

Pashtun Archives - Gene Expression : Gene Expression

Mr Razib khan needs to realise realise for men u do not use mtdna (from mothers side) but for women. The conclusion is valid more Eurasian than any other group.

We are not saying some lower casts did not mix with ponjabs or hindus but majority residing in Afghanistan or NWFP did not, per mapping frequency and local.

Pashtanajan and those wanting to share their genetics, your privacy, and correct interpretation consult your genetic scientist for "mapping". Do not post your data here a few scientist unfortunately use the data in their blogs with their political motifs, mislead via mapping and correlation with those forieng to pashtun origin, Russia tried this as did Israel, Porkistan, India. Russia lucked out with closer grouping or R1 frequency shared with Pashtuns, I doubt the aid will start pouring in.

Midnight sun,

your inability to understand the data or as you call it flood of genetic mapping, pictures, etc are all from valid scientific analysis, your limitation, inability to comprehend does not come as a surprise, but is the exact reason you should show "restrain when interpreting science".

[Da Bannu Mazdigar]

My elder brother had done his DNA test.uploaded the data on some sort of site on internet.I dont remember since this dates back to 2009-10 in abu dhabi.

I didnt paid much attention to that back than But he said he's related to kurdish people while laughing.I am not sure how much true the data from the internet he got was.so could be right or wrong not sure