Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective Harlette Lacau, Tenzin Gayden, Maria Reg

[Toramana]

Here I found for you a recent DNA study about Pashtuns/Afghans. Below is the abstract of the study.

Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective

Harlette Lacau, Tenzin Gayden, Maria Regueiro, Shilpa Chennakrishnaiah, Areej Bukhari, Peter A Underhill, Ralph L Garcia-Bertrand and Rene J Herrera

Abstract
Central Asia has served as a corridor for human migrations providing trading routes since ancient times. It has functioned as a conduit connecting Europe and the Middle East with South Asia and far Eastern civilizations. Therefore, the study of populations in this region is essential for a comprehensive understanding of early human dispersal on the Eurasian continent. Although Y- chromosome distributions in Central Asia have been widely surveyed, present-day Afghanistan remains poorly characterized genetically. The present study addresses this lacuna by analyzing 190 Pathan males from Afghanistan using high-resolution Y-chromosome binary markers. In addition, haplotype diversity for its most common lineages (haplogroups R1a1a*-M198 and L3-M357) was estimated using a set of 15 Y-specific STR loci. The observed haplogroup distribution suggests some degree of genetic isolation of the northern population, likely due to the Hindu Kush mountain range separating it from the southern Afghans who have had greater contact with neighboring Pathans from Pakistan and migrations from the Indian subcontinent. Our study demonstrates genetic similarities between Pathans from Afghanistan and Pakistan, both of which are characterized by the predominance of haplogroup R1a1a*-M198 (>50%) and the sharing of the same modal haplotype. Furthermore, the high frequencies of R1a1a-M198 and the presence of G2c-M377 chromosomes in Pathans might represent phylogenetic signals from Khazars, a common link between Pathans and Ashkenazi groups, whereas the absence of E1b1b1a2-V13 lineage does not support their professed Greek ancestry.

http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ejhg201259a.html

[Tjanaparh]

How do they actually know about Khazar ?

[Midnight_Sun]

Well the Khazars converted to Judaism, and many of the lineage is from Ashkenazi Jews. They were Iranic and Turkic mix people. One origin of the Khazars is said they were driven out of Khorasan and Transoxiana by the Hephtalite Huns.

Interestingly, before the Hephtalites came to the scene, they drove another wave, the Kitharite (Red Huns) out of power in Afghanistan. Is there a relationship between the Kithar and Khazar? I'm just widely speculating here, but they seem to be a confederation of Turkic Uighur, ancient Hunnic and Iranic heritages.

[Midnight_Sun]

Toramana, do you have rights to access this page? Does anybody working for university have access to this article?

[Toramana]

Toramana, do you have rights to access this page? Does anybody working for university have access to this article?

Yes---see my pm.

[Toramana]

There is something here about this study.

http://eng.molgen.org/viewtopic.php?f=77&t=268

[R3SISTANC3]

R1a1a is found 50% among Pashtun and 70% among Sindhis and 47% among Punjabis. Is their R1a1a different then the one found in Pashtuns? It would be nice if they listed what the other 50% of the Pashtun markers are.


Several recent studies have found South Asia to have the highest level of diversity of Y-STR haplotype variation within R1a1a. On this basis, while several studies have concluded that the data is consistent with South Asia as the likely original point of dispersal (for example, Kivisild et al. (2003), Mirabal et al. (2009) and Underhill et al. (2009)) a few have actively argued for this scenario (for example Sengupta et al. (2005), Sahoo et al. (2006), Sharma et al. (2009), and Thangaraj et al. (2010). A survey study as of December 2009, including a collation of retested Y-DNA from previous studies, concluded that a South Asian R1a1a origin was the most likely proposal amongst the various uncertain possibilities.[2] More recently a new 2012 study on Central Indian tribal population led by Sharma et al. have again suggested the clade to be present there since before Neolithic.


I always knew that Europeans were mutated Indians/Central Asians. The whole Aryan invasion was a myth. The Aryans dispersed out of India into colder areas. Germanic tribes into India was nonsense created by the orientalists. It turns out that the "master race" are the descendants of "porch monkies" suffering from a disorder causing lack of pigmentation in the body.

[faye]

porch monkies? what are they? like house niggas?

[R3SISTANC3]

porch monkies? what are they? like house niggas?

"porch monkey" is an esteemed title bestowed upon South Asians by the Master Race. It is far more derogatory than house nigga since house nigga were well treated and fed. On the other hand a porch monkey was a human spittoon, treated extremely bad and suffered great humiliation at the hands of dhood pati tea drinking white overlords.

For example, when an white overlord wanted to climb a hill, the "porch monkey" would lift him on his shoulders and carry him. If the white overlord wanted to climb a horse, the "porch monkey" would quickly bend over so his master could step on him. When the white overlord would bat, the "porch monkey" would fetch his ball like a good dog. These things actually did happen.

Unfortunately for us Pashtun/Afghans, we didn't receive such esteemed titles and such honorary jobs thanks to those backwards, religious, bearded, conservative Allah worshiping Ghazis who kept fighting G-Had after G-Had to dispel the British out of our lands. Those terrorists, how dare they!

[faye]

terrible treatment and term for humans. a bit like others races have treated each other too, including the indians.
luckily some of us have evolved since those times.

[pashtanajan]

Then, I would probably be part of the genetic isolated group, since I'm from the very north? :S

[Midnight_Sun]

Yes---see my pm.

I got my copy

I was actually disappointed in this article. I was hoping it would try to distinguish between different tribes, but it only scratched the surface by separating only North vs South Pashtuns.

So the data suggested that the Northern Population (whatever mix of tribes migrated there) was less genetically diverse than the Southern one. There were also significant (>5%) lineages of Haplogroup L M357 (most likely an indigenous lineage inherent to Af-Pak, frequent also among people of the Hunza and Baluch) , and G2c, which is also high among the Khazars who converted to Judaism. Would be interesting to see if the G2c population compared to that of the Ashkenazi Jews to see if their populations are related or not.

3 differing R1a1 haplotypes were reviewed:

8/8 of the loci and STR's of this R1a1 study matched mine exactly were: :
DYS19*16,
DYS389I*13
DYS389II*17
DYS390*24
DYS391*11
DYS392*11
DYS393*13
DYS439*10

These were found more in the south than in the north by around 12%, meaning there really isn't much difference between the two. These loci are the most abundant among Pashtuns in this study.

The other two loci's studied, was a northern one, which differed by DYS 390*25 vs DYS 390*24 and differed about 2% among the north and south; and one that was similar to the Khazar lineage, which was only found in about 3% in the South and zero in the north. These lineages also matched lineages in Eastern Europe and Russia.

The best thing this study did was strengthen the idea that the origin of R1a1 was in South-Central Asia and that from the limited data that they could use from Pashtuns from Pakhtunkhwa showed they had similar variance in lineages and similar ancestry.

I'm still waiting for a study that encompasses different Pashtun tribes to see how similar they are to each other. Specifically, to see whether the Durrani clans Barakzai, Alekozai, Popalzai are actually from same common ancestor or not. Also, I would like a similar study among the Ghilzai clans.

[Midnight_Sun]

Here's a map of how they differentiated north from south Afghanistan:

[Karachi]

^ I am assuming southern afghanistan would be more closer to baloch genetically and northern ones more close to populations like Kalash, Nuristani and Tajik

[Midnight_Sun]

Not really no. The Northern and Southern Pashtuns share more in common with Pashtun populations in Pukhtunkhwa than the they do with any of those groups.