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**Espresso** · 07-09-2011, 06:34 AM

from the thread of my friend bengal tiger

Originally posted by Bengal_Tiger View Post

Afghan Rule, 1539-1576 started in Bengal in 1539 after the discomfiture of Humayun at Chausa at the hands of Sher Khan and ended in 1576 with the Mughal victory at rajmahal over daud karrani. But long before Sher Khan (who assumed the title of Sher Shah after his victory at Chausa had wrested Bengal from Jahangir Quli Khan, the Mughal deputy, in October 1539, the Afghans had entered the services of the Bengal sultans. Like the Sharqi sultans of Jaunpur, the sultans of Bengal too used to recruit Afghans in their services. For example, the last Habshi Sultan Muzaffar Shah (1491-94 AD) had a few thousand Afghans in his army. Sultan Husain Shah (1494-1519 AD) too had in his service a good number of Afghan officers and soldiers who subsequently played an important role as generals and administrators under Nusrat Shah (1519-33 AD). So by the time Sher Shah conquered Bengal, the Afghans were no strangers. They now found their own man on the throne, first of Bengal and Bihar and ultimately of the Indian empire.
Bengal under the Sur governors (1539-53 AD) Realising justly the importance of Bengal for his empire building, Sher Shah paid his utmost attention for its proper administrative reorganisation. He deposed his first governor Khizir Khan for treacherous activities within a span of two years and, as a novel scheme, subdivided Bengal including Chittagong into a number of smaller units, each under a separate Muqta, and appointed Qazi Fadilat, a learned scholar of Agra, as the supreme superintendent with a jurisdiction on all the subordinate muqtas. Sher Shah's plan worked well and the Afghans became so permanently domiciled in Bengal that its climate and culture had transformed them almost beyond recognition vis-a-vis the non-Afghan Bengalis.
Islam Shah (1545-53 AD), son and successor of Sher Shah, wielded a very firm control over the whole of Bengal. But in his bid to further centralise the administration he removed Qazi Fadilat and appointed as governor his own relative Muhammad Khan Sur in 1545 AD. The new governor retained his position by successfully chastising a rebel named Sulaiman Khan alias Kali Das Gajdani in 1546-48. Subsequently when the unworthy Adil Shah had usurped the Afghan throne of Delhi by murdering Islam Shah's son and successor Firuz Shah, Bengal governor Muhammad Sur deemed it below his dignity to acknowledge the authority of the usurper and declared independence in 1553 AD with the title of Sultan Shamsuddin Muhammad Shah Ghazi. His successors ruled Bengal up to 1563 AD, when his line was brought to an end with the ascendancy of the Karrani Afghans in Bengal.
Bihar witnessed the arrival and settlement of Afghans right from the beginning of the 13th century and this process gained momentum with Afghan ascendancy under the Lodis at Delhi in 1451 AD. Darya Khan Nuhani was succeeded by his son Bahar Khan Nuhani in Bihar. The latter shook off Lodi allegiance and with the support of the majority of the eastern Afghans declared himself independent under the title of Sultan Muhammad Nuhani sometime after 1522 AD. In 1527 his death brought his son Jalal Khan Nuhani to the throne. In the meantime Mahmud Lodi, brother of Ibrahim Lodi, championed the Afghan cause and the supporters of the fallen dynasty rallied round him. Very soon he wrested Bihar from Jalal who found political asylum with Nusrat Shah of Bengal. In spite of many initial successes Mahmud too was forced to take shelter in the court of Nusrat as a refugee in consequence of a hot pursuit by Babur.
Babur's death in 1530, however, turned the scale and Mahmud Lodi again took the field for Afghan resurgence. But he was defeated by Humayun at Dorah in 1532, retired from politics and subsequently died in Orissa in 1542 AD. In the meantime Sher Shah steered clear of the tangled politics by ousting all other rivals including Humayun.
In his administrative rearrangements Islam Shah appointed a certain Saiyyed Yahya as muqta of Bihar in 1548/9 AD. But after the former's death in 1553 AD northern Bihar passed under the control of Sultan Shamsuddin Muhammad Shah of Gaur while in southern Bihar sulaiman karrani and Fath Khan Batani were in joint command.

http://www.banglaembassy.com.bh/History.htm

**Espresso** · 07-09-2011, 06:40 AM

The Afghan era which began with the march of Sher Khan in 1538 into Gaud, situated in north of today's West Bengal, started to end with the defeat of Daud Karrani, the last Afghan sultan, at the hands of the Moghuls in 1575 in Midnapore. The defeat of the Afghan rulers did not mean that power was transferred smoothly to the Moghuls. Within Bengal, especially on the eastern side great amount of insecurity developed and the dispersed Afghans opposed to the new Moghul rule started to organize and resist them. During the same time eastern Bengal was also at the mercy of Arakanese and Portuguese pirates and free booters, and their raids into Bengal created chaos and panic. In order to bring security to the eastern front of the Moghul possession, Emperor Jahangir appointed Alauddin Islam Khan Chisti as the Subahdar (viceroy) of Bengal and instructed him to crush all resistance.
It was also during this time that a strategic decision was taken to establis Dhaka as the capital city of the Subah Bangla. Dhaka was a strategic place and had well placed waterways around to make it a very suitable place to mount water based campaigns and provide better protection for the Moghul province. Islam Khan Chisti marched towards Dhaka stopping very briefly in Rajmahal, in eastern Bihar in India, and reached Dhaka in 1610. Dhaka's position as the capital of Bengal lasted for more than one hundred years before the capital was shifted by Murshid Quli in 1717 to Murshidabad, with a short interval during 1639 and 1659, when it was briefly shifted to Rajmahal again by Prince Shuja.
The Golden Era
The Moghul rule was the golden era for Dhaka, during which the city and its population expanded dramatically. The scale of this can be seen by considering that the population of Dhaka stood at 30,000 in 1610 and within just one hundred years it rose to 900,000 by 1700. The city also extended in all directions. Under the Moghuls Bengal's economic prosperity became so great that it had attracted many nations to establish their trading houses and factories in Dhaka. Tejgao was a place where many Europeans preferred to establish factories. Many fine buildings were erected, some of which have now become extinct. From the paintings by Charles Doyle, in 1806, it can be clearly seen that many parts of Dhaka City were in a state of degeneration and with decaying buildings and ruins, including bridges, which demonstrate the City’s glorious past. His paintings include the ruins of Tongi Bridge and numerous buildings. According to D Oyly, when Dhaka
"…was the seat of government and in its greatest splendour, its limit including the suburbs, appear to have extended from the Booriganga South, to Tungi Bridge north, a distance of fifteen miles or whereabouts; and from Jafferabad west, to postagola east, as distance of about ten miles."

**Espresso** · 07-09-2011, 06:41 AM

Lalbagh Fort (above) constructed during the end of the 17th Century

Lalbagh Fort Mosque (above)

The mausoleum (above), called Bibi Pari Mazar, was constructed by Shaista Khan, the Moghul Subahdar of Bengal in memory of his daugher, Pari Bibi, who died suddenly in 1684 at the age of thirteen

**Niazi** · 07-09-2011, 04:46 PM

Good on then at least they kept thier language alive .

But the man in vedio compared themselves to Afro Amarican that they called names because of thierlook .

**Espresso** · 07-09-2011, 05:26 PM

Originally posted by Niazi View Post

Good on then at least they kept thier language alive .

But the man in vedio compared themselves to Afro Amarican that they called names because of thierlook .

he meant like sort of different looks we know many pashtun family of calcutta i am from there like come on these are pashtun they only marry with in them for eg i know one of my pashtun friend i call we call him
(lucky rascal) trust me bro a rich brahman girl wanted to marry him heck she's rich like anything quiet good looking her dad would have established him hell they even have a banglow in delhi beside aone in calcutta but the guy married his own cousin so the point is that they hardy marry outside the community so they look more or less the same take aamir khan or imran khan the (actor) their family had this same thing pashtun marry pashtun trend though know at least these two has married some other people thats why like they stand out in the crowd but in good looking sense !

**Espresso** · 07-09-2011, 07:40 PM

Early life
IIkhtiyar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji, also known as Malik Ghazi Ikhtiyaru 'l-Din Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji, a member of the Muslim Khilji tribe, who was head of the militant group that conquered much of northeastern India.

[edit] Rise

Khalji came from the town of Garmsir in southern Afghanistan. Tradition has it that Khalji's conquest of the Bengal at the head of 18 horsemen was foretold. It is held[by whom?] that he was of common birth, had long arms extending below his knees, a short physical stature and an unfavorable countenance. He was first appointed as the Dewan-i-Ard at Ghor. Then he approached India in about the year 1193 and tried to enter in the army of Qutb-al-Din. Then he went further eastward and took a job under Maklik Hizbar al-Din who was then the commander of the militant group of Badayun in northern India. After a short period he went to Oudh where Malik Husam al-Din, recognized him for his worth. Husam gave a landed estate in the south-eastern corner of modern Mirzapur district. Khilji gathered some Muslims under his banner and soon consolidated his position, carrying out raids into neighboring territories.[citation needed]
[edit] Conquests

Khalji's career took flight with a campaign which subjugated Bihar in 1203. This effort earned him political clout in the court at Delhi. The next year he took his forces into Bengal. As he came upon the city of Nabadwip, it is said that he advanced so rapidly that only 18 horsemen from his army could keep up. Khalji went on to capture the capital Gaur and intrude much of Bengal.
[edit] Death

Khilji started his attack into Tibet from the town of Devkot in 1206 A.D. He left Ali Mardan Khilji in Ghoraghat Upazila to watch the eastern frontier from his headquarters at Barisal. The Tibet expedition ended and Bakhtiyar Khilji was assassinated by Ali Mardan Khilji while he was lying ill at Devkot on his return from the Tibet expedition (1206).
[edit] Legacy

Bangladeshi poet Al Mahmud composed a book of poetry titled Bakhtiyarer Ghora meaning Horses of Bakhtiyar in early 1990s depicting Khilji as the praiseworthy figurehead of conquest of Bengal. It was under Bakhtiyar Khilji's reign that Muslim missionaries in India achieved their greatest success, in terms of number of converts to Islam.[1] Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji had the Khutbah read and coins struck in his own name. Mosques, madrasas and Khanqahs arose in the new abode of Islam through Bakhtiyar's beneficence, and his example was worthily imitated by his Amirs.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhtiya...khtiyar_Khalji

Bengal Governors under Afghan rule (Sur dynasty) of Delhi Sultanate

Sher Shah (ruler of Bengal from 1532–1538; ruler of Delhi from 1539–1545)
Khidr Khan 1538-1541
Qazi Fazilat 1541-1545
Muhammad Khan Sur 1545-1554 as the Governor of Bengal
Shahbaj Khan 1555

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of...ameluk_Dynasty

Khilji Dynasty

Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji 1204-1206
Muhammad Shiran Khilji 1206-1208
Ghiyasuddin Iwaj Shah 1208-1210
Ali Mardan Khilji 1210-1212
Ghiyasuddin Iwaj Shah 1212-1227 (second term as Husamuddin Iwaj Khilji)

[edit] Governors of Bengal under Mameluk Dynasty

Nasiruddin Mahmud 1227-1229
Malik Balkha Khilji 1229-1232
Alauddin Jani 1232-1233
Saifuddin Aibak 1233-1236
Awor Khan Aibak 1236
Tughral Tughan Khan 1236-1246
Tughlaq Tamar Khan 1246-1247
Jalaluddin Masud Jani 1247-1251
Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Iuzbak 1251-1257
Ijjauddin Balban Iuzbaki 1257-1259
Tatar Khan 1259-1268
Sher Khan 1268-1272
Amin Khan 1272-1272
Tughral Tughan Khan 1272-1281 (second term as Mughisuddin Tughral)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of...ameluk_Dynasty

**Espresso** · 07-09-2011, 07:40 PM

Early life
IIkhtiyar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji, also known as Malik Ghazi Ikhtiyaru 'l-Din Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji, a member of the Muslim Khilji tribe, who was head of the militant group that conquered much of northeastern India.

[edit] Rise

Khalji came from the town of Garmsir in southern Afghanistan. Tradition has it that Khalji's conquest of the Bengal at the head of 18 horsemen was foretold. It is held[by whom?] that he was of common birth, had long arms extending below his knees, a short physical stature and an unfavorable countenance. He was first appointed as the Dewan-i-Ard at Ghor. Then he approached India in about the year 1193 and tried to enter in the army of Qutb-al-Din. Then he went further eastward and took a job under Maklik Hizbar al-Din who was then the commander of the militant group of Badayun in northern India. After a short period he went to Oudh where Malik Husam al-Din, recognized him for his worth. Husam gave a landed estate in the south-eastern corner of modern Mirzapur district. Khilji gathered some Muslims under his banner and soon consolidated his position, carrying out raids into neighboring territories.[citation needed]
[edit] Conquests

Khalji's career took flight with a campaign which subjugated Bihar in 1203. This effort earned him political clout in the court at Delhi. The next year he took his forces into Bengal. As he came upon the city of Nabadwip, it is said that he advanced so rapidly that only 18 horsemen from his army could keep up. Khalji went on to capture the capital Gaur and intrude much of Bengal.
[edit] Death

Khilji started his attack into Tibet from the town of Devkot in 1206 A.D. He left Ali Mardan Khilji in Ghoraghat Upazila to watch the eastern frontier from his headquarters at Barisal. The Tibet expedition ended and Bakhtiyar Khilji was assassinated by Ali Mardan Khilji while he was lying ill at Devkot on his return from the Tibet expedition (1206).
[edit] Legacy

Bangladeshi poet Al Mahmud composed a book of poetry titled Bakhtiyarer Ghora meaning Horses of Bakhtiyar in early 1990s depicting Khilji as the praiseworthy figurehead of conquest of Bengal. It was under Bakhtiyar Khilji's reign that Muslim missionaries in India achieved their greatest success, in terms of number of converts to Islam.[1] Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji had the Khutbah read and coins struck in his own name. Mosques, madrasas and Khanqahs arose in the new abode of Islam through Bakhtiyar's beneficence, and his example was worthily imitated by his Amirs.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhtiya...khtiyar_Khalji

Bengal Governors under Afghan rule (Sur dynasty) of Delhi Sultanate