Difference between

[R3SISTANC3]

What is the difference between, and when and how do we know to use it?


ی
ئ

خ
ښ

[یاسمینه]

ئ - [ey ]this form (with hamza) should be used only in verbal forms,ie in 2nd person in plural form. Nouns and other words ended with [ey] should be written using letter ۍ . This ending is typical for certain female nouns like کړکۍ ، څوکۍ، ډوډۍ . These nouns have the same form in plural and singular form (in nominatve case).

ی - [ay] typical endings of male nouns and some adjectives/ adverbs.

خ and ښ - last letter is in Pashto words only. When you talk, it's easy to notice the difference between them. I don't know any other rule.

[torkham]

ئ - [ey ]this form (with hamza) should be used only in verbal forms,ie in 2nd person in plural form. Nouns and other words ended with [ey] should be written using letter ۍ . This ending is typical for certain female nouns like کړکۍ ، څوکۍ، ډوډۍ . These nouns have the same form in plural and singular form (in nominatve case).

ی - [ay] typical endings of male nouns and some adjectives/ adverbs.

خ and ښ - last letter is in Pashto words only. When you talk, it's easy to notice the difference between them. I don't know any other rule.

Interestingly I don't know the rules, I just know it from familiarity with written words. What about the yey with two dots under it, what are the uses and rules for it?

[یاسمینه]

Do you mean ې ? Then, as an ending its generaly used for female forms, like plural female nouns (the ones ended with stressed ه in singular) or female verbal forms in ergative construction (ما لیکنې وکړې ) or female forms of cerain adjectives/adverbs.

If it comes to verbs - most verbs ended with "edel" in infinitive (usually they are intransitive verbs) should be written with long "e", ie. پوهېدل ، اورېدل instead ofاوریدل. Personal forms of these verbs also should be written with "e" instead of "i" - زه پوهېږم .

[Friend]

There is no difference between the sounds of خ and ښ but sometime we find ښ silent for example in when you say in Pashto "Sit down" in pashto it would like "کیښنه" but the "ښ" sound would be silent.

[Afghanistan2010]

ی is the most difficult subject in learning pashto,

because as mentioned by yasmeenah,

ی with hamza is pronounced as seen in mas'ail ( مسائل) ( 'ai)
ی with out hamza is pronounced as (e (in english))
ۍ with this end it is pronounced as (ay)

we are currently discussing with relatives the differencies and difficulties of ی


خ is also in arabic and used also like in arabic,pronounced if you were trying to make up the spit and pronounced as "kh" strong.

and ښ is pretty light and something in between خ and ح but more like a ح

as said in ښځه or ښار

[یاسمینه]

For me ی is the easiest part of Pashto lik dod. Clear rules.