word formation

[یاسمینه]

Formative suffixes to create place names
There are several such suffixes, and theoretically most of them can be used interchangeably. However practice shows that only Pashtun/ a native speaker will have this “sense of language” to tell which suffix is more appropriate in a given situation. Of course, if you use the wrong suffix, you will be still understood by a native speaker. The benefit that comes from the knowledge of formative suffixes is that even if you do not know the meaning of a word, and the word contains one of these suffixes, easily you will recognize that the word is the name of the place.
جل
غوا(cow) غوجل (cowshed); آس(horse) آسجل (stable)

تون
مېړی (ant) مېړتون (anthill); پوهنه (knowledge) پوهنتون (university)

ستان
تاک (vine) تاکستان (vineyard); کوه (mountain) کوهستان (mountain area)

یاڼه
کوکو (flower) کوکیاڼه (flowerbed)

ګره
شوله (rice) شولګره (paddy field)

Please give more examples with mentioned suffixes (with based nouns)


(based on Shafeev)

[یاسمینه]

Formative suffixes to create abstract nouns:

توب
سړی (man) - سړیتوب (humanity, mankind)
ارزان (cheap) - ارزانتوب (cheapie, cheap stuff)

تون
بېل (separate, different) بېلتون (separation, isolation)

تیا
زړه ور (brave) زړه ورتیا (courage, bravery)
ملګری (friend) ملګرتیا (friendship)

ا
غل (thief) غلا (theft)

ستیا
مېلمه (guest) مېلمستیا (hospitality)

ي
دوست (friend) دوستي (friendship)
دښمن (enemy) دښمني (enmity)

ښت
ګران (difficult) ګرانښت (difficulty)
جوړ (built, structured) جوړښت (structure)

ګلوي
پلار (father) پلارګلوي (fatherhood)
ورور (brother) ورورګلوي (brotherhood)

والی
اوږد (long) اوږدوالی (longueur, lenght)
سپین (white) سپینوالی (whiteness)

ولي
مور (mother) مورولي (motherhood)
ورور (brother) ورورولي (brotherhood)

tbc

[Badlun]

rogh..healthy,,roghtun...hospital
zai//place,,pohanzai....school
wali,,pashtunwali
tob..hushtyartob

[tor_khan]

rogh..healthy,,roghtun...hospital
zai//place,,pohanzai....school
wali,,pashtunwali
tob..hushtyartob

Badlun Sahab,

The more technical aspects of grammar can challenge me - so feel free to correct me.

All these examples follow the pattern of adding suffixes, though am I right that you intended your first example to be an example of the suffix تون ?

تون in روغتون roghtun is an example of the use of a formative suffix to indicate a place name. Added to the main stem, روغ 'rogh' (an adjective) would make the noun, right? The difference between ښوونځی and پوهنځی is school/college.

The other examples here follow the adding suffixes to the main word to create the abstract nouns in Yasmeenah's example.

To illustrate suffixes further - the suffix is زی / زے used to indicate 'son of' for tribe names یوسفزی , پوپلزی , کریمزی

[یاسمینه]

Formative suffixes to create abstract nouns - continued.

ګڼه
ښه (good) ښېګڼه (greatness, goodness, kindness)

ګړه
ښه (good) ښېګړه (see above)

وي
خپل (own) خپلوي (homeliness, raciness)

ون
ژوندي (alive) ژوندون (life)

ینه
هلک (boy) هلکینه (boyhood), مړ (dead) مړینه (death)

[یاسمینه]

Suffixal formation of nouns from other nouns.
بون
خر (donkey) خربون (donkeyherd), اوښ (camel) اوښبون (camel drover)

به
کور (house) کوربه (host)

چي (Turkish suffix)
ننداره (show) نندارچي (spectator), توپ (cannon) توپچي (gunner)

ګر
لو (harvest) لوګر (harvester), زر (gold) زرګر (goldsmith)

مار
لوټ (robbery) لوټمار (robber)

وال
کلی (village) کلیوال (villager), چوپړ (service) چوپړوال (servant)
غزني (Ghazni) غزنیوال (Ghazni resident)

والا
ډوډۍ (bread) ډوډۍ والا (baker), بګۍ (buggy) بګۍ والا (carman)

وان
باغ (garden) باغوان (gardener), موټر (car) موټروان (driver)

ی
کابل (Kabul) کابلی (Kabul resident)

یال
خبر (news) خبریال (correspondent), مرسته (help) مرستیال (helper)

دار (Persian suffix)
دکان (shop) دکاندار (shopkeeper)

ګار
خدمت (service) خدمتګار (servant), مدد (help) مددګار (helper)

[یاسمینه]

Preffixal formation of nouns

بې
پروا (care, attention) بي پروایي (unconcern), لار (way, road) بې لاري (roadless track, wilderness)

نا
روغتیا (health) ناروغتیا (disease, illness), پوهه (knowledge) ناپوهه (ignorance, unawareness)

[یاسمینه]

Create nouns from verbs

ځی
ښوول (to show, to teach) ښوونځی (school), وتل (to exit) وتوځی (exit)

اک
خوړل (to eat) خوراک (food), څکل (to drink) څکاک (drink)

ښت
لګول (to spend) لګښت (expense, expenditure)

ا
زغستل (to run) زغستا (run), ژړل (to cry) ژړا (cry, crying), خندل (to laugh) خندا (laugh)

نګ
اوسېدل (to live, to reside) اوسېدنګ (indwelling, habitation),پاڅېدل (to get up) پاڅېدنګ (getting up)

ه (-a)
ګټل (to earn, to win, to profit) ګټه (benefit, convenience)

ون
سمول (to correct, to regulate, to adjust) سمون (correction, reform, adjustment), تړل (to link, to tie), تړون (treaty, contract; in Western cultures contract is concluded, in Eastern cultures contract is tied)

ه (-e)
نیول (to grab, to catch) نیوه (seizure, interception), ختل (to rise) خاته (rise)

نه
کتل (to look) کتنه (review, overview), جوړول (to build) جوړونه (building, construction)

[یاسمینه]

PLEASE ADD MORE !!! Thank you so much ! Kor wadan !

Nice to know, that someone reads my grammar related posts

I will add few more examples soon.