Pathology revision by sir jodi

[Michin Khel]

Lazh ba sabak wowayam...de chasha may yaad karri di , aa ba revise kam.

[Michin Khel]

Anemia

ANEMIA:
"The hemoglobin concentration in blood below lower limit of normal range"

lower limit range in males: 13 g/dl
lower limit range in females: 11.5 g/dl

Pathology of anemia
CAUSES:
* Blood loss
* hemolysis
* decreased red cell production

MORPHOLOGY:
*Microcytic (iron deficiency, thalasemia)
*macrocytic (folate or B12 deficiency)
*Normocytic but with abnormal shapes (sickle cell, hereditary spherocytosis)

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
a- Acute: shortness of breath, organ failure, shock.
b-Chronic:
with hemolysis: skeletal abnormalities because of expansion of marrow, growth retardation, jaundice

with defective erythropoiesis: iron overload, heart and endocrine failure.

[Michin Khel]

Anemia of blood loss

Acute blood loss
in acute blood loss there is
1-there is hypovolumia which may lead to shock and death.
2- if patient survives, then interstitial fluid shift to intravascular compartments causing hemodilution with low hematocrit.
3- hypoxia stimulate production of erytropoietin resulting in increased erythropoieses in marrow

chronic blood loss
when loss of blood is slow then anemia will become apparent only when rate of loss is more than rate of production and iron stores are depleted.

[graveyardofempires]

is that you luffy?

i can smell the dhaal in this thread.