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Russian and Turkish jets have carried out their first joint strikes on so-called Islamic State (IS) inside Syria, the Russian defence ministry says.
IS was targeted in the suburbs of the town of al-Bab, Aleppo province, where Turkey suffered heavy casualties last month battling the group on the ground.
A Russian spokesman, Lt-Gen Sergei Rudskoi, said the joint action had been "highly effective".
Russia and Turkey have become leading outside players in Syria's civil war.
Al-Bab, about 20km (12 miles) from the Turkish border, has been the focus of a five-month Turkish campaign aimed at pushing back both IS and Kurdish forces.
US aircraft carried out strikes on the area earlier this week, also in co-operation with Turkey.
How big is this operation?
Gen Rudskoi said nine Russian aircraft and eight Turkish planes were involved in Wednesday's strikes.
IS was targeted in the suburbs of the town of al-Bab, Aleppo province, where Turkey suffered heavy casualties last month battling the group on the ground.
A Russian spokesman, Lt-Gen Sergei Rudskoi, said the joint action had been "highly effective".
Russia and Turkey have become leading outside players in Syria's civil war.
Al-Bab, about 20km (12 miles) from the Turkish border, has been the focus of a five-month Turkish campaign aimed at pushing back both IS and Kurdish forces.
US aircraft carried out strikes on the area earlier this week, also in co-operation with Turkey.
How big is this operation?
Gen Rudskoi said nine Russian aircraft and eight Turkish planes were involved in Wednesday's strikes.