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Taliban militants from Swat are said to have launched the attack Nato has launched airstrikes against Taliban insurgents who forced government troops to abandon a district in eastern Afghanistan.
Precision-guided missiles were fired towards Barg-e-Matal district in Nuristan, a Nato release said.
Last week, Nuristan police called for help after fierce clashes with hundreds of Taliban fighters from Pakistan.
Officials said nearly 300 insurgents - led by Pakistani Taliban leader Maulana Fazlullah - had entered the area.
Maulana Fazlullah led the Taliban in Pakistan's north-western Swat valley until a military offensive in 2009.
In a statement, Nato said airstrikes by the International Security Assistance Force (Isaf) were requested by local officials and Afghan commanders and that the operation was launched in response to "significant insurgent activity" in the area last week.
Last week, the Afghan interior ministry said police in Nuristan had asked the authorities in Kabul for support.
Reports over the weekend said the Taliban had seized the district.
Officials described the attack on Barg-e-Matal as "brazen".
Tribal areas in north-western Pakistan have long been seen as a safe haven for Taliban militants who cross the border to launch attacks in Afghanistan