"However, the Punjab stayed loyal to the British until the very end. As the movement for independence was gaining momentum and it was only a matter of time before the British would leave India, the Punjabi nobles maintained their stance against independence. Punjab was governed by the Unionist Party, whose official position was that the British should stay in India. The Unionist Party also made sure that Jinnah and the Muslim league, which advocated for Pakistan, did not gain any ground in the province. In fact, the Muslim League had to take direct action in the Punjab so that it could dislodge the Unionist Party. Driven by the desire to maintain their hold on power, the Punjabi nobles proposed to Indian nationalists such as Nehru to keep India united even if the British leave. They told Nehru that they would be able to rule over India together after the British depart, by the virtue of the strong Punjabi presence in the Indian army. Gandhi, on his part, never campaigned in the Punjab. When asked why, Gandhi would say, “sara sooba CID ka sooba” (the entire province belongs to the British intelligence).
Post-Partition
After independence and the Partition, Nehru made sure to decrease Punjab’s domination in the Indian army. In Pakistan, however, this was not the case. Even though that province was opposed to independence, let alone the creation of Pakistan, it nonetheless found in itself in a position of power in the new country, thanks to the size of its population and its domination in what was now the Pakistani army. When Pakistan aligned itself with the US in the Cold War, Punjab found yet another foreign patron for its army. As it was the case previously, renting out services to foreign powers brought numerous privileges to the native collaborators. The Pakistani army is a reflection of Punjab’s dominance over the rest of Pakistan’s provinces. Preventing progressive movements from taking root was – and is – not only a requirement to maintain the American hegemony in the region, it is also a necessity for Punjab so that it can maintain its hold over Pakistan. For the Punjab, in particular, nationalism of the other provinces was – and is – the biggest threat to its power. The alliance between the US and the Punjabi-dominated Pakistan army, therefore, has been mutually beneficial.
Punjab and Bangladesh
The first major benefit that the Punjab reaped thanks to the American patronage of the Pakistani army was its ability to annihilate East Pakistan. East Pakistan was the country’s biggest province in terms of population, thanks to which it won the elections and had the right to form the majority government. But the Punjab was not ready to handover power to another province, especially to the Bengalis, since Punjabis considered the Bengalis to be racially inferior. The Punjabi-dominated Pakistani army invaded East Pakistan in 1971 and massacred around 4 million Bengalis and raped somewhere between 200,000 to 500,000 Bengali women in the space of less than 2 years.
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Post-Partition
After independence and the Partition, Nehru made sure to decrease Punjab’s domination in the Indian army. In Pakistan, however, this was not the case. Even though that province was opposed to independence, let alone the creation of Pakistan, it nonetheless found in itself in a position of power in the new country, thanks to the size of its population and its domination in what was now the Pakistani army. When Pakistan aligned itself with the US in the Cold War, Punjab found yet another foreign patron for its army. As it was the case previously, renting out services to foreign powers brought numerous privileges to the native collaborators. The Pakistani army is a reflection of Punjab’s dominance over the rest of Pakistan’s provinces. Preventing progressive movements from taking root was – and is – not only a requirement to maintain the American hegemony in the region, it is also a necessity for Punjab so that it can maintain its hold over Pakistan. For the Punjab, in particular, nationalism of the other provinces was – and is – the biggest threat to its power. The alliance between the US and the Punjabi-dominated Pakistan army, therefore, has been mutually beneficial.
Punjab and Bangladesh
The first major benefit that the Punjab reaped thanks to the American patronage of the Pakistani army was its ability to annihilate East Pakistan. East Pakistan was the country’s biggest province in terms of population, thanks to which it won the elections and had the right to form the majority government. But the Punjab was not ready to handover power to another province, especially to the Bengalis, since Punjabis considered the Bengalis to be racially inferior. The Punjabi-dominated Pakistani army invaded East Pakistan in 1971 and massacred around 4 million Bengalis and raped somewhere between 200,000 to 500,000 Bengali women in the space of less than 2 years.
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