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COMMENT : Afghanistan and Pakistan: brothers in arms — Farooq Yousaf
Pakistan and Afghanistan need to realise the fact that further reliance on the US would prove nothing but detrimental for both the neighbours
The 1979 Soviet war, Mullah Omar’s Taliban regime, the September 11 attacks, and now the 2014 pull out. Yes, I am talking about Afghanistan, a country that has provided justification to US geopolitics for interventions outside the US, and fed the world media for over three decades. Ironically, Pakistan has played the facilitator all through — hosted and trained Afghan Mujahideen, and sheltered over 3.5 million Afghan refugees.
One major question that boggles many minds is why, despite the material and political sacrifice and socio-political suffering, does the Pakistani role in Afghanistan continue to draw negative publicity? Why do our relations with Kabul fail to normalise? This perhaps, makes a peep back into history imperative.
The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in December 1979. They were ostensibly invited by Hafizullah Amin — the then prime minister of Afghanistan — for the purpose of helping their common ideology friends who were witnessing a civil war at that time. Although Amin was shot dead and replaced by the Soviet-supported Babrak Karmal, the then Afghan ambassador to Moscow, the reality of this war is still obscured by distorted facts on the evolution of this conflict.
Many people may not know and what still remains a murder of history is the fact that the 1979 war was surprisingly initiated by the US government through an initial secret aid fund signed by Jimmy Carter on July 3, 1979. This fact was accepted by Zbigniew Brzezinski, the then US National Security Advisor, in an interview saying, “We didn’t push the Russians to intervene, but we knowingly increased the probability that they would (by funding the anti-Soviet forces). The day the Soviets officially crossed the border, I wrote to President Carter: we now have the opportunity of giving to the USSR its Vietnam War...”
Unfortunately, Pakistan sided against the USSR and thus the seeds for a never-ending spiral of violence were sown that are still haunting the Afghan-Pakistan region. Furthermore, anti-Pakistan sentiment started to develop on the other side of the border. This is where the relationship started to wither and things started getting out of hand.
Although the initial toppling of the Taliban regime in 2001 proved to be easy proceedings for the coalition forces, but what really was in store is still making the headlines. Recently, the NATO forces, after a struggle of 24 hours, ended the Taliban siege of a famous hotel near Kabul resulting in 20 deaths. Incidents like these are becoming the ‘new normal’ for Kabul.
The war against terror has now become, without a doubt, a failed campaign. It is not me, or someone from the region who is making this statement. Rather, one of the west’s own, Sherard Cowper-Coles, the ex-British ambassador to Afghanistan, labelled the war on terror as a ‘fiasco’ during his term of service. In his account of four years in Kabul, titled Cables from Kabul, he confessed that there were billions of pounds spent, thousands of lives lost, and all that the coalition forces were doing was making the same mistakes as all others who believed they could tame this fractious nation. One must say, the argument makes a lot of sense.
Gaining total control over Afghanistan has been a failure in, more or less, every sphere — be it geo-strategic, geo-political, geo-economic, diplomatic, intelligence or the military-cum-security failures. Neutralising the threat of militants — Taliban being the major ones — still remains an unsolved mystery. The result of this failure has called for greater pressures, both from Karzai and the US, on Pakistan to act against the Haqqani faction of the Taliban in Pakistan’s North Waziristan region. This failure and blame is resulting in further withering of the Afghan-Pakistan relations as the US-influenced Karzai government has to synchronise with Washington’s call in blaming Pakistan for militant activities taking place in the country.
The Afghan endgame is visible within a striking distance. The situation is resting upon a proper roadmap from all the stakeholders. It seems like the coalition forces want to leave with their heads high, but the greater interest of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) bloc in the region would make it hard to carry on the proceedings as planned.
Pakistan and Afghanistan need to realise the fact that further reliance on the US would prove nothing but detrimental for both the neighbours. With all the development activities coming to a halt soon after the NATO exit, it will all be left upon Afghanistan and its neighbouring friends, most importantly Pakistan, to play their part in this process. Further, succumbing to US pressure will not only worsen the Afghan-Pakistan relationship, it will also prevent the resolving of impending issues haunting both sides of the border and faced by none other than the common man.
Ironic it is that recently both Islamabad and Kabul levied strict restrictions on visa procedures, with the applicants only allowed a single-entry one-month visa and that too happens solely after having used influential references. These bars have jeopardised not only legitimate business prospects but also created problems for journalists and employment seekers on both sides. What is amazing is that on a daily basis, hundreds of thousands of people cross the border, many of them without a visa or passport. With such a huge number of people moving about freely, though illegally, restricting the valid cases seems to make little or no sense.
The policy makers in Kabul need to realise that allies and friends can change, neighbours cannot. Whatever happens, Pakistan will remain a neighbour, one that hosts more than three million Afghan nationals and deserves special consideration in the policies being made. Such a neighbour should not be defamed in the world media on the wishes of the allies.
The writer is the Chief Editor and Research Analyst at the Centre for Research and Security Studies, Islamabad. He is also a freelance columnist and can be reached at farooq@crss.pk
Pakistan and Afghanistan need to realise the fact that further reliance on the US would prove nothing but detrimental for both the neighbours
The 1979 Soviet war, Mullah Omar’s Taliban regime, the September 11 attacks, and now the 2014 pull out. Yes, I am talking about Afghanistan, a country that has provided justification to US geopolitics for interventions outside the US, and fed the world media for over three decades. Ironically, Pakistan has played the facilitator all through — hosted and trained Afghan Mujahideen, and sheltered over 3.5 million Afghan refugees.
One major question that boggles many minds is why, despite the material and political sacrifice and socio-political suffering, does the Pakistani role in Afghanistan continue to draw negative publicity? Why do our relations with Kabul fail to normalise? This perhaps, makes a peep back into history imperative.
The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in December 1979. They were ostensibly invited by Hafizullah Amin — the then prime minister of Afghanistan — for the purpose of helping their common ideology friends who were witnessing a civil war at that time. Although Amin was shot dead and replaced by the Soviet-supported Babrak Karmal, the then Afghan ambassador to Moscow, the reality of this war is still obscured by distorted facts on the evolution of this conflict.
Many people may not know and what still remains a murder of history is the fact that the 1979 war was surprisingly initiated by the US government through an initial secret aid fund signed by Jimmy Carter on July 3, 1979. This fact was accepted by Zbigniew Brzezinski, the then US National Security Advisor, in an interview saying, “We didn’t push the Russians to intervene, but we knowingly increased the probability that they would (by funding the anti-Soviet forces). The day the Soviets officially crossed the border, I wrote to President Carter: we now have the opportunity of giving to the USSR its Vietnam War...”
Unfortunately, Pakistan sided against the USSR and thus the seeds for a never-ending spiral of violence were sown that are still haunting the Afghan-Pakistan region. Furthermore, anti-Pakistan sentiment started to develop on the other side of the border. This is where the relationship started to wither and things started getting out of hand.
Although the initial toppling of the Taliban regime in 2001 proved to be easy proceedings for the coalition forces, but what really was in store is still making the headlines. Recently, the NATO forces, after a struggle of 24 hours, ended the Taliban siege of a famous hotel near Kabul resulting in 20 deaths. Incidents like these are becoming the ‘new normal’ for Kabul.
The war against terror has now become, without a doubt, a failed campaign. It is not me, or someone from the region who is making this statement. Rather, one of the west’s own, Sherard Cowper-Coles, the ex-British ambassador to Afghanistan, labelled the war on terror as a ‘fiasco’ during his term of service. In his account of four years in Kabul, titled Cables from Kabul, he confessed that there were billions of pounds spent, thousands of lives lost, and all that the coalition forces were doing was making the same mistakes as all others who believed they could tame this fractious nation. One must say, the argument makes a lot of sense.
Gaining total control over Afghanistan has been a failure in, more or less, every sphere — be it geo-strategic, geo-political, geo-economic, diplomatic, intelligence or the military-cum-security failures. Neutralising the threat of militants — Taliban being the major ones — still remains an unsolved mystery. The result of this failure has called for greater pressures, both from Karzai and the US, on Pakistan to act against the Haqqani faction of the Taliban in Pakistan’s North Waziristan region. This failure and blame is resulting in further withering of the Afghan-Pakistan relations as the US-influenced Karzai government has to synchronise with Washington’s call in blaming Pakistan for militant activities taking place in the country.
The Afghan endgame is visible within a striking distance. The situation is resting upon a proper roadmap from all the stakeholders. It seems like the coalition forces want to leave with their heads high, but the greater interest of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) bloc in the region would make it hard to carry on the proceedings as planned.
Pakistan and Afghanistan need to realise the fact that further reliance on the US would prove nothing but detrimental for both the neighbours. With all the development activities coming to a halt soon after the NATO exit, it will all be left upon Afghanistan and its neighbouring friends, most importantly Pakistan, to play their part in this process. Further, succumbing to US pressure will not only worsen the Afghan-Pakistan relationship, it will also prevent the resolving of impending issues haunting both sides of the border and faced by none other than the common man.
Ironic it is that recently both Islamabad and Kabul levied strict restrictions on visa procedures, with the applicants only allowed a single-entry one-month visa and that too happens solely after having used influential references. These bars have jeopardised not only legitimate business prospects but also created problems for journalists and employment seekers on both sides. What is amazing is that on a daily basis, hundreds of thousands of people cross the border, many of them without a visa or passport. With such a huge number of people moving about freely, though illegally, restricting the valid cases seems to make little or no sense.
The policy makers in Kabul need to realise that allies and friends can change, neighbours cannot. Whatever happens, Pakistan will remain a neighbour, one that hosts more than three million Afghan nationals and deserves special consideration in the policies being made. Such a neighbour should not be defamed in the world media on the wishes of the allies.
The writer is the Chief Editor and Research Analyst at the Centre for Research and Security Studies, Islamabad. He is also a freelance columnist and can be reached at farooq@crss.pk
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