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Ahmad Shah
Mathura
In February 1756 Ahmad Shah, an Afhgan, attacked the city of Mathura to the north of Agra.On the 1st of March his army entered the city, and because of the hard fighting during thebattle they were in no mood to show mercy.
For four hours there was an indiscriminate massacre and rape of the unresisting Hindu population - all ofthem non-combatants and many of them priests…
3
Several days after the massacre an eyewitness described the scene; “Everywhere in thelanes and bazaars lay the headless trunks of the slain…The water of the Jamuna flowing pastwas of a yellowish colour, as if polluted by blood”. Hindu ascetics had been beheaded, theirheads tied to a slaughtered cow. “Glutted with the blood of three thousand men”,
98
conquering army marched away; but not before imposing a levy on what remained of thepopulation.
Vrindavan
The army of Ahmad Shah carried out another general massacre at Vrindavan, north of Mathura, the same eye witness that had been at Mathura had this to say:
Wherever you gazed you beheld heaps of the slain; you could only pick your way with difficulty, owing to thequantity of bodies lying about and the amount of blood spilt.
At one place that we reached we saw about two hundred dead children lying in a heap
. Not one of the dead bodies had a head… The stench and effluviumin the air were such that it was painful to open your mouth or even to draw breath…
1
The Third Battle of Panipat
This battle took place on January 14th 1761, about 80 miles north of Delhi. It was foughtbetween the Maratha and the Afghans of Ahmad Shah Abdali; it is reported that more than100,000 people died in one day. Thousands of surrendered Maratha soldiers were tied upand had their heads chopped off. On the battle field more than 30 heaps of the slain werecounted…a rough total of 28,000. By the side of roads and in ditches were the remains ofthose killed in the battle and those who had succumbed to famine and disease; three-quartersof them were non-combatants. When the battle was won, Ahmad’s soldiers went throughPanipat killing and plundering.After the battle followed massacre in cold blood. The leaders of Abdalis army were givenpermission to massacre the Marathas for one-day, nearly 9,000 were killed. About 20,000women and children were taken as slaves; children over 14 were beheaded in front of theirfamilies, their heads had to be taken by their mothers to be counted by the Afghanaccountants. The day after the battle, many women drowned themselves in the river to avoidbeing raped. An eyewitness, Kashiraj Pandit, described the scene:
Every DurrAni soldier brought away a hundred or two of prisoners and slew them in the outskirts of theircamp, crying out, When I started from our country, my mother, father, sister and wife told me to slay so maykAfirs for their sake after we had gained the victory in this holy war, so that the religious merit of this act [ofinfidel slaying] might accrue to them. In this way, thousands of soldiers and other persons were massacred.In the Shah’s camp, except the quarters of himself and his nobles, every tent had a heap of severed headsbefore it. One may say that it was verily doomsday for the MarAtha people…
2
A conservative estimate places Maratha losses at 45,000 on the Panipat battlefield itself, andanother 20,000 or more in surrounding areas, besides at least 22,000 women and childrentaken as prisoners and slaves. According to Mr. Hamilton of Bombay Gazette about half amillion people were present there in Panipat town from Maharashtra, he gives a figure of 40,000 prisoners executed. The Afghans are thought to have lost some 30,000.
Just how disastrous Muslim conquest was for India and how much resistance had been offered to preserveits heritage by Hindu rulers are controversial subjects. Much of the history was written by Muslim historiansand could be biased. The little history documented by Indians was also written with an eye towards
1
Jihad in India’s Historyhttp://voi.org/books/tcqp/chi6.htmVisited 16 Dec. 09
2
ibid
Ahmad Shah
Mathura
In February 1756 Ahmad Shah, an Afhgan, attacked the city of Mathura to the north of Agra.On the 1st of March his army entered the city, and because of the hard fighting during thebattle they were in no mood to show mercy.
For four hours there was an indiscriminate massacre and rape of the unresisting Hindu population - all ofthem non-combatants and many of them priests…
3
Several days after the massacre an eyewitness described the scene; “Everywhere in thelanes and bazaars lay the headless trunks of the slain…The water of the Jamuna flowing pastwas of a yellowish colour, as if polluted by blood”. Hindu ascetics had been beheaded, theirheads tied to a slaughtered cow. “Glutted with the blood of three thousand men”,
98
conquering army marched away; but not before imposing a levy on what remained of thepopulation.
Vrindavan
The army of Ahmad Shah carried out another general massacre at Vrindavan, north of Mathura, the same eye witness that had been at Mathura had this to say:
Wherever you gazed you beheld heaps of the slain; you could only pick your way with difficulty, owing to thequantity of bodies lying about and the amount of blood spilt.
At one place that we reached we saw about two hundred dead children lying in a heap
. Not one of the dead bodies had a head… The stench and effluviumin the air were such that it was painful to open your mouth or even to draw breath…
1
The Third Battle of Panipat
This battle took place on January 14th 1761, about 80 miles north of Delhi. It was foughtbetween the Maratha and the Afghans of Ahmad Shah Abdali; it is reported that more than100,000 people died in one day. Thousands of surrendered Maratha soldiers were tied upand had their heads chopped off. On the battle field more than 30 heaps of the slain werecounted…a rough total of 28,000. By the side of roads and in ditches were the remains ofthose killed in the battle and those who had succumbed to famine and disease; three-quartersof them were non-combatants. When the battle was won, Ahmad’s soldiers went throughPanipat killing and plundering.After the battle followed massacre in cold blood. The leaders of Abdalis army were givenpermission to massacre the Marathas for one-day, nearly 9,000 were killed. About 20,000women and children were taken as slaves; children over 14 were beheaded in front of theirfamilies, their heads had to be taken by their mothers to be counted by the Afghanaccountants. The day after the battle, many women drowned themselves in the river to avoidbeing raped. An eyewitness, Kashiraj Pandit, described the scene:
Every DurrAni soldier brought away a hundred or two of prisoners and slew them in the outskirts of theircamp, crying out, When I started from our country, my mother, father, sister and wife told me to slay so maykAfirs for their sake after we had gained the victory in this holy war, so that the religious merit of this act [ofinfidel slaying] might accrue to them. In this way, thousands of soldiers and other persons were massacred.In the Shah’s camp, except the quarters of himself and his nobles, every tent had a heap of severed headsbefore it. One may say that it was verily doomsday for the MarAtha people…
2
A conservative estimate places Maratha losses at 45,000 on the Panipat battlefield itself, andanother 20,000 or more in surrounding areas, besides at least 22,000 women and childrentaken as prisoners and slaves. According to Mr. Hamilton of Bombay Gazette about half amillion people were present there in Panipat town from Maharashtra, he gives a figure of 40,000 prisoners executed. The Afghans are thought to have lost some 30,000.
Just how disastrous Muslim conquest was for India and how much resistance had been offered to preserveits heritage by Hindu rulers are controversial subjects. Much of the history was written by Muslim historiansand could be biased. The little history documented by Indians was also written with an eye towards
1
Jihad in India’s Historyhttp://voi.org/books/tcqp/chi6.htmVisited 16 Dec. 09
2
ibid
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