EU states have struck an action plan for Turkey that it is hoped will ease the flow of migrants to Europe.
Nearly 600,000 migrants have reached the EU by sea so far this year, many of them travelling from Turkey to Greece before seeking to head north.
Turkey made a number of demands in exchange for helping to stem the flow.
In a press conference in Brussels, Donald Tusk, the president of the European Council, said he felt "cautious optimism" over the deal.
Meanwhile, Agence France-Presse reported that an Afghan man was shot dead while trying to enter Bulgaria from Turkey late on Thursday.
He was part of a "large group" of migrants trying to enter Bulgaria, AFP reported, quoting the interior ministry.
In the Brussels summit, European officials agreed to:
Turkey had also asked for €3bn (£2.2bn, $3.4bn) in aid, something German Chancellor Angela Merkel said EU states were considering.
Jean-Claude Juncker, the president of the European Commission, said talks over the sum to be given to Ankara would continue with Turkish officials over the coming days.
Mrs Merkel will travel to Turkey at the weekend.
"There is still a huge amount to do," Mrs Merkel said. "But you cannot say that we've achieved nothing."
Jump media player
Media player help
Out of media player. Press enter to return or tab to continue.
Media captionAli Khan from Pakistan on why he fled to Europe: "I didn't want to join the Taliban" EU sources had said several countries were cautious about rushing into an agreement with Turkey too quickly.
Among them were Greece, Cyprus and France.
BBC Europe correspondent Chris Morris says most EU leaders are convinced that efforts to contain the migration crisis will not succeed without closer co-operation with the Turkish government.
Read more
The BBC's Matthew Price is sending social media broadcasts from Calais on the EU migration crisis. You can follow his reports here.
The pull of Europe: Five migrant stories
Merkel under pressure: Chancellor's migrant policy faces criticism at home
Focus on Turkey: Why the EU views Syria's northern neighbour as key
Crisis in graphics: Migration numbers explained
Earlier on Thursday, Mrs Merkel said all EU countries must be prepared to send security staff to the bloc's external borders.
She said it would be unfair to ask EU countries seeing the majority of initial migrant entries to secure borders as well.
"It's quite obvious that only a few countries today take the majority of refugees and if these countries now are asked to secure the external borders on top of that, I don't think it would be what we could call a fair distribution of effort," Mrs Merkel said.
She described the current situation as "very disorderly".
In other developments:
Migrants arriving in Europe
593,432
migrants have arrived by sea in 2015, says IOM
3,103
migrants have died trying to cross the Mediterranean
Source: IOM, Frontex
Reuters
Turkey is hosting some two million migrants, most of them fleeing the war in neighbouring Syria.
Turkey has also called for the establishment of an international "safe zone" for refugees inside northern Syria - but Mr Tusk said Russia's involvement in Syria made the idea more difficult.
Also in Brussels, the UK Prime Minister David Cameron said he would present four main demands for change in the EU in November. It comes ahead of a promised referendum on the UK's membership of the EU in 2017.
Mr Tusk welcomed Mr Cameron's announcement, adding that the "real negotiations" could start after early November.
Share this story About sharing
Migrant crisis
Video
In depth
Europe's struggle
Migrant stories
Europe
New VW boss says firm can shine again
Full article New VW boss says firm can shine again
Sport Platini 'still has Uefa's backing'
Full article Platini 'still has Uefa's backing'
Genocide denier 'had rights infringed'
Full article Genocide denier 'had rights infringed'
More Videos from the BBC
<li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-0 ob-o"> Australian toddler's head re-attached to spine <li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-1 ob-o">
<li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-1 ob-o"> In pictures: Life in Scotland's slums in the 1960s <li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-2 ob-o">
<li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-3 ob-o"> Argentina's dancing president becomes internet hit <li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-4 ob-o">
<li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-4 ob-o"> 'I didn't delete the pictures so I can see her every day' <li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-5 ob-o">
Recommended by Outbrain
Elsewhere on BBC
Recommended by Outbrain
Top Stories
EU states strike Turkey migrants deal EU states strike an action plan for Turkey that it is hoped will ease the flow of migrants to Europe.
7 minutes ago
US mother 'helpless' over church death 19 minutes ago
France rejects 'tampon tax' change 5 hours ago
Advertisement
Features & Analysis
Scary neighbours
When polar bears come to town
7 days quiz
Why did a US woman sue her 12-year-old nephew?
'It's complicated'
Why the Modi-Zuckerberg hug is causing concern in India
Ostriches and robots
Take a look inside car maker Ford's hi-tech 'mega factory'
Railway fury
What's it like to answer angry tweets about train delays?
Miller's time
The enduring appeal of US playwright Arthur Miller
Video 3:33
In a nation's blood
Finding the beauty of Scottish football
Death by selfie
When self-photography proves fatal
Black death
Why hasn't the US eradicated the plague?
BBC World News Channel Finder The news you trust. 24/7. On your TV.
Most Popular popular
Most read
Advertisement
From Around the Web
Promoted content by Outbrain
Ads by Google
Nearly 600,000 migrants have reached the EU by sea so far this year, many of them travelling from Turkey to Greece before seeking to head north.
Turkey made a number of demands in exchange for helping to stem the flow.
In a press conference in Brussels, Donald Tusk, the president of the European Council, said he felt "cautious optimism" over the deal.
Meanwhile, Agence France-Presse reported that an Afghan man was shot dead while trying to enter Bulgaria from Turkey late on Thursday.
He was part of a "large group" of migrants trying to enter Bulgaria, AFP reported, quoting the interior ministry.
In the Brussels summit, European officials agreed to:
- an earlier introduction of visa liberalisation for Turks wanting to visit the EU's borderless Schengen area
- new chapters to be opened in Turkey's EU accession negotiations
Turkey had also asked for €3bn (£2.2bn, $3.4bn) in aid, something German Chancellor Angela Merkel said EU states were considering.
Jean-Claude Juncker, the president of the European Commission, said talks over the sum to be given to Ankara would continue with Turkish officials over the coming days.
Mrs Merkel will travel to Turkey at the weekend.
"There is still a huge amount to do," Mrs Merkel said. "But you cannot say that we've achieved nothing."
Jump media player
Media player help
Out of media player. Press enter to return or tab to continue.
Media captionAli Khan from Pakistan on why he fled to Europe: "I didn't want to join the Taliban" EU sources had said several countries were cautious about rushing into an agreement with Turkey too quickly.
Among them were Greece, Cyprus and France.
BBC Europe correspondent Chris Morris says most EU leaders are convinced that efforts to contain the migration crisis will not succeed without closer co-operation with the Turkish government.
Read more
The BBC's Matthew Price is sending social media broadcasts from Calais on the EU migration crisis. You can follow his reports here.
The pull of Europe: Five migrant stories
Merkel under pressure: Chancellor's migrant policy faces criticism at home
Focus on Turkey: Why the EU views Syria's northern neighbour as key
Crisis in graphics: Migration numbers explained
Earlier on Thursday, Mrs Merkel said all EU countries must be prepared to send security staff to the bloc's external borders.
She said it would be unfair to ask EU countries seeing the majority of initial migrant entries to secure borders as well.
"It's quite obvious that only a few countries today take the majority of refugees and if these countries now are asked to secure the external borders on top of that, I don't think it would be what we could call a fair distribution of effort," Mrs Merkel said.
She described the current situation as "very disorderly".
In other developments:
- Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orban said his country would decide whether to close its border with Croatia on Friday
- EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini called for member states to address the causes of migration by providing more money for Syrian refugees in Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey and for development in Africa
- Five members of a Lebanese family have drowned after a boat carrying them from Turkey to Greece capsized, relatives say. Another four are missing.
Migrants arriving in Europe
593,432
migrants have arrived by sea in 2015, says IOM
3,103
migrants have died trying to cross the Mediterranean
- 76% arrived in Greece via the eastern route
- 70.1% of arrivals in Greece were from Syria
- 10,043 migrants arriving in Italy were unaccompanied children
- 710,000 migrants have crossed EU borders this year, according to Frontex figures
Source: IOM, Frontex
Reuters
Turkey is hosting some two million migrants, most of them fleeing the war in neighbouring Syria.
Turkey has also called for the establishment of an international "safe zone" for refugees inside northern Syria - but Mr Tusk said Russia's involvement in Syria made the idea more difficult.
Also in Brussels, the UK Prime Minister David Cameron said he would present four main demands for change in the EU in November. It comes ahead of a promised referendum on the UK's membership of the EU in 2017.
Mr Tusk welcomed Mr Cameron's announcement, adding that the "real negotiations" could start after early November.
Share this story About sharing
Migrant crisis
- Brand Merkel under pressure by migrants
15 October 2015
- Migrant stories: The pull of Europe
14 October 2015
- Why Turkey matters in the migrant crisis
15 October 2015
- EU migration: Crisis in graphics
15 October 2015
- BBC correspondents' migrant pictures
28 September 2015
- What is the next route for Europe migrants?
22 September 2015
- In depth report
22 April 2015
- Migrant crisis stirs historical Croatia-Serbia enmity
24 September 2015
- Why a deal on migrants is so tricky
25 September 2015
- How is migrant crisis dividing EU countries?
19 September 2015
Video
- Video The migrants heading for Europe by land
17 September 2015
- Video Thousands more migrants enter Austria
21 September 2015
- Video Timelapse shows border migrant queue
19 September 2015
- Video Camerawoman trips up fleeing migrants
9 September 2015
- Video Timelapse: Two days at Munich station
7 September 2015
In depth
- Migrant crisis: Middle classes on the move
29 September 2015
- Shipping containers become migrant homes
6 October 2015
- Serbian alarm over stranded migrants
16 September 2015
- The battle over the words used to describe migrants
28 August 2015
- Explaining the exodus from the Balkans
8 September 2015
- What next for Germany's new migrants?
14 September 2015
- Germany: Moral leader or misguided?
8 September 2015
- Will Hungary's clampdown on migrants work?
15 September 2015
Europe's struggle
- Migrant crisis: Merkel's mixed messages
14 September 2015
- Migrant crisis: Can EU overcome its rifts?
9 September 2015
- Schengen: EU free movement deal explained
14 September 2015
- Migrant crisis: Who does the EU send back?
9 September 2015
- Five obstacles to an EU migrants deal
3 September 2015
- Migrants crisis: Hungary PM lays bare EU East-West split
3 September 2015
Migrant stories
- Alan Kurdi: Why one picture cut through
4 September 2015
- From Turkey to Sweden: Syrian migrant's perilous journey
1 September 2015
- Hungary in first migrant prosecutions
16 September 2015
- Afghan boy's lonely start in Germany
15 September 2015
- The story of Alan Kurdi's family
4 September 2015
- The children smuggled into the UK
7 September 2015
Europe
New VW boss says firm can shine again
- 5 hours ago
- From the section Business
Full article New VW boss says firm can shine again
Sport Platini 'still has Uefa's backing'
- 2 hours ago
- From the section Football
Full article Platini 'still has Uefa's backing'
Genocide denier 'had rights infringed'
- 5 hours ago
- From the section Europe
Full article Genocide denier 'had rights infringed'
More Videos from the BBC
<li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-0 ob-o"> Australian toddler's head re-attached to spine <li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-1 ob-o">
<li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-1 ob-o"> In pictures: Life in Scotland's slums in the 1960s <li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-2 ob-o">
<li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-3 ob-o"> Argentina's dancing president becomes internet hit <li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-4 ob-o">
<li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-4 ob-o"> 'I didn't delete the pictures so I can see her every day' <li class="ob-dynamic-rec-container ob-recIdx-5 ob-o">
Recommended by Outbrain
Elsewhere on BBC
- Mexican government releases files on missing students BBC News
- Taliban attack UK military convoy in Afghan capital Kabul BBC News
- EU bank chief 'could recall VW loans' BBC News
Recommended by Outbrain
- The new train that roars to the ancient heart of Scotland BBC Travel
- The raunchiest animated film ever? BBC Culture
- Will emoji become a new language? BBC Future
Top Stories
EU states strike Turkey migrants deal EU states strike an action plan for Turkey that it is hoped will ease the flow of migrants to Europe.
7 minutes ago
US mother 'helpless' over church death 19 minutes ago
France rejects 'tampon tax' change 5 hours ago
Advertisement
Features & Analysis
Scary neighbours
When polar bears come to town
7 days quiz
Why did a US woman sue her 12-year-old nephew?
'It's complicated'
Why the Modi-Zuckerberg hug is causing concern in India
Ostriches and robots
Take a look inside car maker Ford's hi-tech 'mega factory'
Railway fury
What's it like to answer angry tweets about train delays?
Miller's time
The enduring appeal of US playwright Arthur Miller
Video 3:33
In a nation's blood
Finding the beauty of Scottish football
Death by selfie
When self-photography proves fatal
Black death
Why hasn't the US eradicated the plague?
BBC World News Channel Finder The news you trust. 24/7. On your TV.
Most Popular popular
Most read
- 1 US mother 'helpless' over church death
- 2 Syrian army launches Homs offensive
- 3 Why hasn't the US eradicated the plague?
- 4 Oscar Pistorius granted house arrest
- 5 Fear and loathing fuel Jerusalem knife attacks
- 6 Malala Yousafzai: Portrait of the girl blogger Last updated 10 October 2012
- 7 The island where men are disappearing
- 8 NY restaurant group to end tipping
- 9 EU states strike Turkey migrants deal
- 10 Swiss reject highest minimum wage Last updated 18 May 2014
Advertisement
From Around the Web
- 7 Hacks To Learning Any Language In 7 Days: The Twins Tell All! (Babbel)
- X-47B heads to sea on carrier duty (pictures) (CNET)
- Islam: What's the Difference Between Sunni and Shia? (Patheos)
- The Inventor of 5 Hour Energy Is Investing His Money in Good (Billions in Change on Wall Street Journal)
- South China Sea: US military vessels 'just steaming in international waters' (Nikkei Asian Review)
- Why Russians Hate America. Again. (The New York Times)
Promoted content by Outbrain
Ads by Google
- British Expat In Turkey?
£70k+ In UK Pensions? Download A Free Expat Guide & Expert Advice!
your.expatpensionreview.com - British Expat in New York
Avoid Losing 45% of your UK pension Move your pension. Free Guide!
www.forthcapital.com/PensionAdvice - Concealed Carry Mistakes:
The Worst Thing a Permit Holder Can Do & More Concealed Carry Tips:
www.concealedcarryconfidence.org
