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(#21)
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| The Following User Says Thank You to Yousafzai Pakhtun For This Useful Post: | ||
یاسمینه (09-26-2012) | ||
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(#22)
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| Yes it is possible that landey/tappa as a very old form of poetry was assimilated by Pashtun culture/ language even 1000 yrs ago.First known Afghan landey was ccomposed at Mahmud of Ghazni's court by a sweetheart of one of Mahmud's generals. |
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(#23)
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| Chaarbayta Structure: Chaarbayta differ depending on the number and lenght of misra's. The number of misra's in one stanza varies from four to twenty. Each chaarbayta has a refrain called sar, kaser or piro. It appears in the beginning of the chaarbayta, and is repeated after each stanza. The content of sar is different after each stanza, only the rhyme is constant. The structural pattern of the poem is the following: b__________ b__________ a__________ a__________ a__________ a__________ c__________ c__________ d__________ d__________ e__________ e__________ f__________ f__________ a__________ a__________ g__________ g__________ h__________ h__________ i__________ i__________ j__________ j__________ k__________ k__________ a__________ a__________ Rhymes: The first line of the first stanza must rhyme with the refrain. Other stanzas may begin in any manner but the final bayt of each must rhyme with the refrain. Topics: Usually one motif that should be developped. Other features: Chaarbayta has the function of a ballad. Mainly used for tales and other themes requiring a longer form. Xaanamir: pe chap ke daal pe khe khanjar nisema de ghalim mekha baraabar nisema yaa ba sidka khpel watan shi zmaa yaa ba pe sro winokafan shi zmaa |
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(#24)
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| Perso-Arabic forms in Pashto poetry Ghazal Structure: First bayt of ghazal is called matla. Number of syllables in each hemistich is constant. Number of lines varies from five to fifteen. Rhymes: Both hemistichs rhyme - it is a monorhyme poem. Topic: Most ghazals are love-poems. Other information: Very common form of poetry. First ghazal in Pashto language was written in 14th century. Early Pashto ghazals were very short, consisted of three to seven lines, they weren't as complex as ghazals from later centuries. |
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(#25)
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| Perso-Arabic forms in Pashto poetry Bolela (Arab. kasida) Structure: The lenght of this form varies from sixteen to two hundred lines. Number of syllables is the same in each hemistich. Rhymes: both hemistichs of the first bayt and all the second misra's of the remaining lines represent the same rhyme (monorhyme). Topic: diverse. |
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(#26)
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| Perso-Arabic forms in Pashto poetry Masnawi Structure: It is a polyrhyme verse. The number of lines can vary considerably, depending on the subject matter. Rhymes: hemistichs rhyme in every bayt (not the first bayt only) Topic: diverse. |
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(#27)
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| Perso-Arabic forms in Pashto poetry Kita Structure: This form consists of two or more lines taken out of a poem of a bigger format. Rhymes: First two hemistichs do not rhyme. All the second misra's of the ramaining lines have a common rhyme. Topic: diverse. andeshna ka pe ghre kij de ghar ba ham leka wikhta kaa khwaar saray malaamat na dey ka pe gham kkhe jaan ube kaa |
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(#28)
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| Perso-Arabic forms in Pashto poetry Rubaai Structure: It is a popular tetrastich. Its graphic presentation often differs from that of Persian rubaa'i, i.e. it is two bayts and not four misra's. a__________ a__________ a__________ b__________ Rhymes: The first, the second and the fourth misra's rhym. 'umr mi trikh shu pe firaakat kkhe oshe mi caaci tel pe hasrat kkhe judaai or da pe zre lagegi pe marg raazi yem na pe gharbat kkhe |
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(#29)
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| Perso-Arabic forms in Pashto poetry Mustazaad is a special type of verse in which every line is followed by a short complimentary line with its own rhyme pattern: na hwag larem che waawrem na pe khola de khayr wayel krem mudaam minnat per bel krem che kahr raashi 'akl me maghlub shi no shkanzel krem mudaam minnnat per bel krem |
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(#30)
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| Does anyone know of any Pashto poetry workshops? I am guessing there might be some in Afghanistan or Pakistan. By the way, Yasmeena khory, the way you are describing the structures of many of the poems is unclear. Quote:
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